4 - Ancient Civilizations 2

• ancient persia is also called achaemenid empire
• achaemenid empire was founded by Cyrus the great in 550 BCE
• cyrus cylinder is where the declaration of cyrus recorded
• yakhchal is an ancient evaporation cooler that was used to cool wine and other drinks
• yakhchal means ice pit
• persian technology include: sulfuric acid, qanat, backgammon, pahlavi alphabet, postal service, and achaemenid taxation
• persepolis was the capital of the persian achaemenid empire from the reign of darius 1 until its destruction in 330 BCE
• greece is a landscape of mountains and sea
• archaic greece saw the advancements in art, poetry, and technology, but is known as the age in which the polis, or city-state was invented
• demokratia is the system of ancient greek democracy or rule by the people
• acropolis is a greek city built on a high hill or mountain
• at the center of acropolis was the agora - central space where public meetings were held, and where traders set up their stalls
• the three significant factors that contributed to the rise of science and philosophy: greece was an open society, rise of naturalism, idea of demonstration
• thales of miletus developed the theory of matter based upon water
• socrates established the theory of skepticism
• hippocrates is the father of medicine
• archimedes calculated the value of pi
• aristotle is the father of biology
• theopartus is the father of plant science
• greek inventions include watermill, cartography, communal bath, astronomy, columns
• klepsydra created the concept of time
• the city of rome was located in the central italy
• rome was built by the twin sons of Mars, romulus and remus
• roman economy was primarily based on agriculture
• rome was built on 7 hills: esquiline, palatine, aventine, capitoline, quirinal, viminal and caelian
• galen was a great physician and surgeon who influenced the development of various scientific disciplines including anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
• technology of romans were jarcan: julian calendar, aqueducts, roman numerals, concrete, arches, and newspaper
• pliny the elder described almost a thousand species of plants, most of which were highly valued for their medicinal uses
• mesoamerican civilizations are a complex of aboriginal cultures that developed in parts of mexico and central america
• zapotec were americas' first city builders
• chavin was the first influential civilization in south america arose in the mountains
• nazca developed extensive irrigation systems and known for their beautiful textiles and pottery
• a mask of copper and gold alloy with eyes of shell, found in Huaca de la Luna, Moche river valley
• while civilizations were emerging in mesoamerica, andean civilizations were developing in south america
• colosseum also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre was built in rome under the flavian emperors of the roman empire
• Monte Albán (site) combined ceremonial grandeur with residential living space
• The early cultures of South America arose in a difficult environment, the rugged terrain of the ANDES MOUNTAINS.