bacte staph DISEASE

• Folliculitis

  is a mild inflammation of the hair follicle or sebaceous gland.
• Furuncles

  are large, raised, superficial abscesses which can be an extension of folliculitis
• Carbuncles

  develop from multiple furuncles which may advance into the deeper tissues and cause fever and chills leading to systemic infection.
• Staphylococcal bullous impetigo

  • is a contagious superficial infection that is commonly seen in children and are larger and surrounded by a small zone of erythema.
• Staphylococcal food poisoning

  • enterotoxin A
  • Comes from ingesting one or more preformed enterotoxins found on S. aureus-contaminated food or beverages; self-limiting; typically resolves within 24 to 48 hours of onset
• Scalded skin syndrome ( SSS)

  • Exofoliatin
  • A bullous exfoliative dermatitis that occurs primarily in newborns and previously healthy children.
• Pemphigus neonatorum

  Localized skin lesion in the form of a few blisters
• Ritter disease

  extensive generalized condition affecting 90% of the body.
• Staphylococcal SSS must be differentiated from the clinically similar toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)


  -a serious potentially fatal disease most commonly associated with drug reactions.
• Toxic Shock Syndrome TSST-1

  • A rare but potentially fatal, multiorgan system illness that is characterized by a sudden onset of fever, chills, vomiting, diarrhea, muscle aches, and rashes, desquamation; and it rapidly progresses to hypotension and shock.
  • Associated with women using highly absorbent tampons.
• Aside from cutaneous & toxin-induced infections and diseases, S. aureus has been implicated in several conditions such as septicemia, acute bacterial endocarditis, spinal epidural abscess osteomyelitis (musculoskeletal infections), septic arthritis in children, cystic fibrosis, suppurative intracranial phlebitis, UTI, & nosocomial pneumonia
• bacterimia

  bacteria in blood
• septicemia

  bacterial multiplication in blood
• pyomyositis

  bacteria in muscle
• osteomyelitis

  bacteria in bone
• hematogenous spread

  blood vessel
• septic arthritis

  joints
• Staphylococcus epidermidis

  • Considered normal skin biota but is a common source of hospital-acquired infections
  • Often a contaminant in improperly collected blood culture specimens, and in medical instruments, catheters (indwelling and IV), CSF shunts, and prosthetic heart valve implants (implanted medical devices).
• S. epidermidis virulence factor

  • Slimer layer/ boifilin production ( poly-y -DL -glutamic acid )
  • Production of exopolysaccharides; involved in adherence and provides protective advantage against host defenses.
• S. epidermidis

  • Disease Association: Nosocomial UTIs & Prosthetic heart valve endocarditis 


  Coagulase negative- susceptible to 5-ug novobiocin
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

  • saprophytes because feed on decaying organism
• Staphylococcus saprophyticus

  • Associated with community-acquired UTIs and in young SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN
  • the second most common cause, after E. coli, of uncomplicated cystitis
  • May be found in low numbers (<10,000 CFU/mL) and still be considered significant.


  COAGULASE- NEGATIVE : RESISTANT TO 5UG NOBOBIOCIN
• S. lugdunensis and S. haemolyticus

  – normal flora of skin & mucus membranes; coagulase-negative.
• S. lugdunensis

  more aggressive in terms of infectivity; contains mecA gene for oxacillin resistance.
• S. haemolyticus

  causes UTI and wound infections; vancomycin resistant
• Staphyloccus aureus

  • Its true-coagulase positive and the most virulent (most clinically significant) species of staphylococci.
  • Colonizes the anterior nares, nasopharynx, perianal area, skin, and mucosa
  • Infections can be categorized as suppurative or toxin-mediated disease.
• Staphyloccus aureus

  • Mode of Transmission: person-to-person, traumatic inoculation, fomites, aerosols, abrasion
  • It can be cultivated by adding 7.5% to 10% NaCl (halophilic microorganism)
• Staphyloccus aureus

  • Principle virulence : coagulase
  • Culture: BAP Colonies have a golden yellow pigment (staphyloxanthin) and narrow zone of β -hemolytic pattern (sometimes no hemolysis)