Rizal

• Hernando Abaya: 'The nationalist reawakening began on the UP campus, sparked by the teaching of Rizal’s life and his writings made compulsory by the Noli-Fili law, co-authored by Recto and Laurel'
• In 1955, during the Senate election, the church charged Recto with being a communist and an anti-Catholic
• In 1565, Miguel Lopez de Legazpi was sent to the Philippines by Phillip II, the new king of Spain, and also Portugal, becoming the first Governor General of the Philippines and establishing the Encomienda system
• On May 12, 1956, a compromise inserted by Committee on Education Chairman Jose P. Laurel that accommodated the objections of the Catholic Church was approved unanimously
• The R. A. 1425 caused havoc within educational institutions
• Positions in the Spanish Colonial period

  • Viceroy of Mexico
  • Governor General
  • Alkalde Mayor
  • Gobernadorcillo
  • Cabeza de Barangay
• The religious orders had a huge contribution in the colonization process, giving the frailocracy a lot of power
• The Rizal Law, Republic Act 1425, was approved on June 12, 1956, and June 12 was declared as Flag Day
• Senator Claro M. Recto filed the original Rizal Bill in 1956, making it obligatory for college and university students to study the life and works of Rizal
• Goals of the Rizal Law

  • To rededicate the lives of youth to the ideals of freedom and nationalism
  • To pay tribute to our national hero for devoting his life and works in shaping the Filipino character
  • To recognize the importance of Rizal’s ideals and teachings in relation to present conditions and situations in the society
  • To encourage the application of such ideals in current social and personal problems and issues
  • To develop an appreciation and deeper understanding of all that Rizal fought and died for
  • To foster the development of the Filipino youth in all aspects of citizenship
• In the 16th to 17th centuries, there was exploration, the Reformation, the Scientific Revolution, and the Renaissance
• Policies imposed by the colonizers

  • POLO
  • TRIBUTE
  • ENCOMIENDA
  • ISOLATION POLICY
  • DIVIDE AND RULE
  • FRAILOCRACY
• In the 18th century, there were rights for women, growth of literacy and reading, rise of modern philosophers, discussions on life, liberty, and equality, and promotion of progress, secularization, and individualism
• Revolts against the Spanish colonizers

  • Lakandula and Sulayman Revolt (1574)
  • Pampanga Revolt (1585)
  • Conspiracy of the Maharlikas in Tondo (1587-1588)
  • The Cagayan and Dingras Revolts Against Tribute (1589)
  • Magalat Revolt (1596)
  • Igorot Revolt (1601)
  • Bancao Revolt (1621-1622)
  • Sumuroy Revolt (1649-50)
  • Maniago Revolt (1660-1661)
  • Malong Revolt (1660-1661)
  • Chinese Resistance of 1662
  • Panay Revolt (1663)
  • Zambal(es) Revolt (1681-1683)
  • Agrarian Revolt of 1745
  • Dagohoy Rebellion (1744-1829)
  • Diego & Gabriela Silang Revolt (1762-1763)
  • Palaris Revolt (1762-1764)
  • Novales Revolt (1823)
  • Palmero Conspiracy (1828)
  • Hermano Pule Religious Revolt (1840-1843)
• Causes of the Filipinos’ defeat included disunity, loyalty crisis, self-interest, lack of preparation and training, absence of sufficient weapons and firepower, geographical isolation, and communication gap
• In the 19th century, Mexican independence from Spain and the rise of modern ideas and movements occurred
• The Philippines was discovered by Spain under the Ferdinand Magellan expedition on March 17, 1521
• Abuses of the Spanish government officials included excessive power and privileges, weak and undisciplined governor generals, and cruel and corrupt officials
• The Enlightenment was a European intellectual movement of the 17th and 18th centuries that synthesized ideas concerning God, reason, nature, and humanity
• Republic Act No. 1425 includes courses on the life, works, and writings of Jose Rizal in all public and private schools, colleges, and universities
• Senator Claro M. Recto was the main proponent of the Rizal Bill
• Opening of the Philippines to World Trade by Spain. Natives started to engage in trade. More Chinese migration to the country

  1834
• JOSE PROTACIO RIZAL MERCADO Y ALONZO REALONDA (PEPE): 'Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna'
• Influx of European influence. The Enlightenment reached the Indios
• Jose Rizal was the seventh in a brood of eleven children of Francisco Mercado and Teodora Alonzo
• Education of the Natives

  Burgos, del Pilar, etc
• Jose Rizal was baptized three days later by Father Rufino Collantes in the Catholic church of Calamba
• Mexican independence from Spain resulting in the loss of trade in the Pacific

  1821
• The rise of the educated middle class the ILUSTRADOS
• The Industrial Revolution took place during the late 1700s and early 1800s


  19ᵗʰ ᶜᵉⁿᵗᵘʳʸ
• FRANCISCO MERCADO was an educated and industrious farmer who studied Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose in Manila