Section 2 Vocab

• Germanic languages


  English, German, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Swedish
• Latin LanguagesFrench, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, French, and Romanian
• Slavic languages


  Russian, Polish, Czech, Ukrainian, and Bulgarian
• Celtic languages

  threatened by extinction in England; are still spoken by people in France; have been revived in some parts of the British Isles; have an extensive body of literature.

  
• mono syllabic


  one syllable word, Chinese
• poly syllabic

  multiple syllable word, Mandarin
• Feudalism


  A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.
• Fief


  land granted by a lord to a vassal in exchange for loyalty and service
• Vassal


  A knight who promised to support a lord in exchange for land. Servant of the king.
• Commons

  land or resources belonging to or affecting the whole of a community.
• Lord


  someone or something having power, authority, or influence; a master or ruler. Below the king, and often get granted land for services.
• Knight


  A man who received honor and land in exchange for serving a lord as a soldier.
• Serfs


  A person who lived on and farmed a lords land in feudal times
• Longbow


  six-foot-long bow that could rapidly fire arrows with enough force to pierce most armor

  
• fealty


  obligated loyalty or faithfulness
• homage


  special honor or respect shown publicly
• Manorialism

  Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land.

  
• pike


  a sharp point (as on the end of a spear)
• Gunpowder


  The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.
• cavalry

  soldiers on horseback
• Medieval occupational family names

  surnames often reflected a person's occupation or trade. (ex. Smith- Blacksmith, Miller- Worked the mill)
• Romanesque


  Style of church architecture using round arches, domes, thick walls, and small windows

  
• round arch


  an arch formed in a continuous curve; characteristic of Roman architecture

  
• thick pillars/thick walls

  Romanesque

  
• Gothic


  A style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries

  
• Flying Buttresses


  stone support on the outside of a building that allowed builders to construct higher walls and leave space for large stained-glass windows

  
• Pointed arches


  arches with two curved sides that meet to form a point at the apex

  
• Spires


  a tall, acutely pointed pyramidal roof or rooflike construction upon a tower, roof, etc.

  
• ribbed vaulting


  A vault in which the diagonal and transverse ribs compose a structural skeleton that partially supports the masonry web between them.

  
• Stained glass


  In Gothic architecture, the colored glass used for windows

  
• The Mysticism of Light

  Medieval/Gothic

  The mystery of how light represents holiness and the awe-inspiring nature of God.

  
• Dependent Peasantry: Legally tied to the land and are able to have them perform services in that land no matter who owns it or ownership changes.
• oath of homage and fealty: Pledge ones body, soul, and absolute loyalty to the king.