Respiration - anaerobic and aerobic

• What type of process is respiration?

  Exothermic
• How does respiration differ from photosynthesis?

  Respiration releases energy; photosynthesis requires energy
• What is the process of photosynthesis primarily used for?

  Synthesizing food molecules
• What is the difference between respiration and breathing?

  Respiration occurs in cells; breathing is ventilation
• Why do organisms need energy?

  To drive chemical reactions and movement
• What is homeostasis?

  Maintaining constant conditions in cells and body
• What is the efficiency of respiration?

  About 40 percent
• How is heat distributed in birds and mammals during respiration?

  By the blood
• What is aerobic respiration?

  Respiration using oxygen to break down food
• What is the main respiratory substrate?

  Glucose
• What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

  Glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy
• What are the chemical symbols for the aerobic respiration equation?

  C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
• Where do the first stages of respiration occur?

  In the cytoplasm of cells
• What is anaerobic respiration?

  Respiration without oxygen
• What happens to glucose in human muscle during anaerobic respiration?

  It is converted to lactic acid
• What is produced during anaerobic respiration in yeast?

  Ethanol and carbon dioxide
• Where does anaerobic respiration occur in cells?

  Only in the cytoplasm
• Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

  Aerobic Respiration:

  • Presence of oxygen: Present
  • Oxidation of glucose: Complete
  • Products: Carbon dioxide and water
  • Energy released: Large amount

  
  

  Anaerobic Respiration:

  • Presence of oxygen: Absent or in short supply
  • Oxidation of glucose: Incomplete
  • Products: Lactic acid (in mammals), ethanol and carbon dioxide (in yeast)
  • Energy released: Small amount, but quickly
• Why is anaerobic respiration economically important?

  It produces foods like alcohol and bread
• What happens to yeast during beer or wine production?

  It switches to anaerobic respiration
• How does yeast contribute to bread making?

  It produces carbon dioxide that makes bread rise
• What is oxygen debt?

  The amount of oxygen needed to remove lactic acid
• What happens to lactic acid after exercise?

  It is taken to the liver for processing
• What does the liver do with lactic acid?

  Converts it back to glucose
• What is metabolism?

  All chemical reactions in an organism's body
• What controls metabolic reactions?

  Enzymes
• What happens to glycogen during short-term energy demands?

  It is broken down for energy
• What happens to proteins during starvation?

  They may be broken down for energy