Communicable disease

• A pathogen is a microorganism that can causes disease.
• Microorganisms are very small organisms. Examples, bacteria, fungi and protists
• Washing hands and food reduces the spread of pathogens as it kills them.
• Vaccinations grant immunity to disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.
• if an infected person is isolated then they can't spread the disease to others
• A vector is a living organism that transmits a pathogen from one host to another.
• 4 ways pathogens can spread:

  • Through the air(sneeze)
  • contaminated water
  • contaminated food
  • direct contact
• viruses are infectious agents that can only replicate inside the living cells of an organism.
• Viruses have to enter the cell of a living organism and then use that cell to create multiple copies of the virus
• Measles are spread by sneezing and coughing
• Symptoms of measles:

  • red skin rash
  • fever
• Measles can be fatal
• HIV stands for human immunodeficiency virus, which is a virus that attacks the immune system
• HIV is spread through:

  • sexual contact
  • exchange of body fluids
• Initial symptoms of HIV are flu-like illness.
• HIV is treated by antiretroviral drugs.
• AIDS occurs in the later stages of HIV infection when the immune system is so weakened that it cannot fight off the virus
• TMV stands for tobacco mosaic virus that affects many species of plant.
• Symptoms of TMV are a mosaic pattern on the leaves which effect growth.
• Symptoms of ebola are fever, bleeding, severe headache and muscle pain.
• Bacteria are tiny unicellular organisms that are found almost everywhere
• Bacteria causes salmonella and gonorrhoea but not all bacteria is harmful.
• Salmonella is spread by consuming infected food. most commonly uncooked chicken.
• Symptoms of salmonella include: fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
• STD stands for sexually transmitted disease.
• Gonorrhoea is spread through sexual contact
• Symptoms of gonorrhoea are:

  • thick yellow or green discharge from vag or penis
  • pain wen weeing
• Gonorrhoea was treated with penicillin but is now treated with other antibiotics
• Spread of gonorrhoea can be reduced by the use of contraception or through treating infections.
• Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that can be unicellular or multicellular.
• Protists are eukaryotic organisms and are mostly unicellular
• fungi causes rose black spot disease
• Symptoms of rose black spot disease:

  • purple or black spots develop on the leaves of plants
  • affects the growth of plants
• rose black spot is spread by water or wind
• rose black spot is treated by:

  • the use of fungicides
  • removing and destroying the infected leaves
• protists cause malaria
• Symptoms of malaria are reccurent episodes of fever
• Malaria is spread from animal to animal by mosquitoes
• Reducing the spread of malaria by:

  • killing mosquitoes
  • destroy mosquitoes breading sites
  • prevent people getting bitten by mosquitoes using repellents