contraception

• Physical barrier methods of contraception:

  • Condom
  • Sponge
  • Diaphragm
• An inter-uterine device is a small T-shaped plastic and copper device that releases copper into the uterus. The copper alters cervical mucus making it more difficult for the sperm to swim to the egg. It also can prevent a fertilised egg from implanting in the uterus.

  It is inserted by a trained physician and is placed directly into the uterus.
• Sterilisation is the surgical method to prevent pregnancy.
• Vasectomy

  Occurs in males, a small incision, and the vas deferens is cut and cauterised to prevent sperm from travelling and being ejaculated.
• Tubal ligation

  Occurs in females, the oviducts are cut and clipped (or cauterised) to prevent ova from reaching the uterus and prevent sperm from reaching the ova.
• The contraceptive pill is a chemical method of contraception. It contains a combination of synthetic oestrogen and progesterone that mimics negative feedback preventing the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland. Therefore, it prevents the development of any follicles.
• The progesterone only (mini pill) thickens cervical mucus preventing the sperm from entering the uterus.
• The emergency or morning-after pill prevents or delays ovulation. It can be taken up to 72 hours or 120 hours after unprotected sex depending on which type of pill is used.