tests for anions

• to test for chloride, bromide and iodide ions we add dilute nitric acid (HN03) followed by silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) which forms a silver halide precipitate
• chloride gives a white precipitate of silver chloride. bromide gives a cream precipitate of silver bromide. iodide gives a yellow precipitate of silver iodide.
• to test for carbonate ions you add dilute hydrochloric acid. if carbonate ions are present the mixture will fizz as when reacting produce carbon dioxide and water
• test for carbon dioxide- bubble through lime water and should turn milky
• to test for sulfate ions add dilute HCl which stops precipitation reactions not involving sulfate ions from taking place. add barium chloride solution and if present a white precipitate of barium sulfate will form.