definitions

• Collective bargaining 


  Where workers negotiate employment terms as a group rather than individually to increase their power
• flexible workforce


  group of employees who have the ability to adapt to changing work demands and schedules. These workers have the ability to work remotely, have flexible hours, or work on a project-based or contractual basis
• Home workers 


  workers are able to work from home
• Industrial action 


  Any form of coordinated action in an industrial dispute by employees, with or without the support of a trade union,
• outsourcing 


  The delegation of one or more business processes to an external provide
• Multi-skilling 


  raining of employees in more than one skill set
• Trade unions 


  an organised association of workers in a particular industry
• zero hour contract 


   a type of employment contract in which an employer does not guarantee a minimum number of hours of work to an employee. Instead, the employee is only paid for the hours they actually work
• external recruitment 


  hiring candidates from outside of the business
• Induction training 


  Training aimed at introducing new employees to a business and its procedures. done before start working and earning money
• Internal recruitment


  recruiting for a new position from employees already working at the company
• Job description 


  states what the job is and what it entails
• Person specification 


  The skills and experience required to succeed in a specicifed job application
• off- the job training 


  Training that takes place away from the workplace such as colleges, university or training programmes
• On-the job training 


  training at the business whilst you are doing the job and getting paid
• Authority 


  the power given to a manager or leader to act and make decisions within designated boundaries and achieve organisational objectives
• Centralisation 


  A structure that keeps decision making at the top of the hierarchy
• decentralised 


  decision-making is spread out to include more junior managers in the hierarchy, as well as individual business units or trading locations. flat organisation
• Delayering 


  a process in which an organization removes one or more layers of management, reducing the number of hierarchical levels between senior management and frontline employees
• Delegation

  giving people different roles and jobs to do
• Formal organisation 


  social systems with well-defined authority structures and explicit rules and goals
• Hierarchy 


  The structure and number of layers of management and supervision in an organisation.
• Organisational chart 


  A chart of the organisational structure of the business
• Responsibility 


  what each employee is responsible for in the business
• Span of control 


  The number of employees who are directly supervised by a manager
• Subordinates 


   an employee who is not of management level and responds to either a manager or a group of managers. Who the managers have responsibility for
• Bonus 


  A sum of money added to wages/salary as a reward to employees
• Commission 


  A sum of money paid to an employee upon completion of a task.

  e.g a percentage of what price of product sold is usually real estate
• Delegation

  Where responsibility for carrying out a task or role is passed onto someone else in the business.
• Empowerment 


  Delegating power to employees so that they can make their own decisions
• Hygiene and motivator factors 


  factors that make you want to work

  hygiene factor - factors that do not demotivate if not present but not motivate

  motivators - factors that directly motivate employees to work
• Job enlargement 


  Giving employees more tasks of a similar level of complexity.
• job rotation 


  A systematic programme of switching jobs to provide greater variety
• Maslow's hierarchy of needs 


  5 levels that need to be present to help motivate employees to work
• Motivators 


  factors that motivate employees
• Payment by results 


  getting payed extra on how well the business is doing
• Performance related pay 


  Where employees pay varies based on their performance in the workplace
• Piece rate pay

  Piece-rate pay gives a payment for each item produced
• profit sharing 


  Profit sharing refers to any system whereby employees receive a proportion of business profits.
• scientific management 


  using science to improve management