PR1

• Two Types of Plagiarism

  • Plagiarism of Ideas
  • Plagiarism of Language
• Types of Plagiarism of Language

  • Word-for-word from a source
  • Word-for-word plagiarism of a text
  • Patchwork Plagiarism
• Direct Quotation is employed for statements that are so closely associated that altering the word may lose its rhetorical impact
• Plagiarism is a serious form of academic dishonesty and is frowned upon in the academe
• Plagiarism


  Copying verbatim of language and ideas of other writers and taking credit from them
• Plagiarism is using other people’s words and ideas without clearly acknowledging the source of information
• Direct Quotation


  • “The Filipino is worth dying for”
• Quotation Marks

  Using direct quotation means to lift text and enclose them in quotation marks. In addition to the author’s name, the page numbers are included
• Ellipsis

  If the text is too long, you may omit certain parts and replace them with an ellipsis (three dots). If the words omitted are at the end of the statement, another dot is added, making it four
• Interpolation


  Interpolation may be done to insert notes within the directly quoted passage to help readers understand the context of the statement. Interpolation is marked by open and closed brackets
• Percentage of Direct Quotation

  Twenty percent of the total length of the work may employ direct quotations. For a 1000-word essay, only 200 words are allotted for direct quotation
• Summarizing involves understanding the texts and “re
• Summarizing


  Understanding the texts and representing the ideas of the writer in a more condensed form, using mostly your own words
• Twenty percent of the total length of the work may employ direct quotations. For a 1000-word essay, only 200 words are allotted for direct quotation
• Summarizing is a short restatement of the main idea of the text
• As the writer of a summary, your task is not to judge or interpret the text, but to express the essence as precisely as possible
• In general, omit minor details and specific examples. Avoid writing opinions or personal responses in your summaries
• Be careful not to plagiarize the author’s words. If you do use even a few of the author’s words, they must appear in quotation marks
• The first sentence or two of your summary should contain the author’s thesis, or central concept, stated in your own words. It answers the question: “What is this piece/article about?”
• Include the title and identify the author in your first sentence
• Change the sentence structure (e.g. from active to passive voice), break the information into separate sentences, use synonyms, start your first sentence at a different point from that of the original source
• Contrary to summarizing, the objective in paraphrasing is not to condense the material. The writer should be able to use their own words to explain what the material means, regardless of whether it condenses the original or makes it longer
• Paraphrasing


  A restatement in your own words of the main idea and supporting details of the text
• The cook was in the kitchen preparing tonight's dinner.
• A girl meets a nice guy at her mother's funeral, but she doesn't get his contact information. When her sister dies a few days later, the police suspect it to be a murder.
• The utility man was on the mast correcting the flag because it was attached upside down by mistake.
• The engineer was working in the engine room making sure everything was running smoothly.
• The girl killed her sister in the hope that the man she met at her mother's funeral would show up again.
• The drinks were poisoned, and the poison was in the ice. Since Marissa's ice had time to melt, she was poisoned, but Juliana wasn't.
• A well-defined research topic is the starting point of every successful research project. Choosing a topic is an ongoing process by which researchers explore, define, and refine their ideas.
• Avoid topics that are not aligned with your field of specialization. If the supporting ideas for your chosen topic are not found, drop that topic.
• Be updated and refrain from choosing a topic that is already cliché and no longer relevant. Focus on a topic that you think you can achieve.
• Research title

  A major road sign in research that conveys the central idea behind the research
• Identifying main concepts and setting


  Identify main concepts and ideas, then determine how they relate to each other and the setting
• Techniques on How to Formulate a Research Topic

  Try writing a research title by completing the sentence: “My study is about…”. Answer the “what” and “what about your topic” to capture the essence of the research problem in one sentence
• Formulating the Research Title


  A good research title reflects the critical points of the research: the variables, the chosen research design, and the scope of the study
• Prevent having a clear focus
• In-depth investigation and analysis is not possible with limited subjects that will yield very few/limited results
• Formulating Research Title: Writing Styles and Techniques

  Use a two-part title: a snappy phrase to catch attention and a more descriptive part. Choose appropriate wording, be mindful of length, and observe proper grammar and capitalization
• Inquiry


  • Looking for information mainly through asking various questions