depression

• What is cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) primarily used for?

  Depression and other mental health issues
• What approach does CBT exemplify?

  The cognitive approach to treatment
• What is the first step in cognitive element CBT?

  Assessment to clarify the client's problems
• What is a central task in cognitive element CBT?

  Identifying negative or irrational thoughts
• What does the behavioral element of CBT focus on?

  Changing negative thoughts and behaviors
• Who developed cognitive therapy based on cognitive theory of depression?

  Aaron Beck
• What is the negative triad in cognitive therapy?

  Negative thoughts about self, world, future
• How does cognitive therapy help clients with negative beliefs?

  By challenging and testing the reality of beliefs
• What is the 'client as scientist' concept in cognitive therapy?

  Clients investigate their negative beliefs
• What does REBT stand for?

  Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
• What does the D in the ABCDE model of REBT stand for?

  Dispute
• What is the hallmark of REBT?


  A vigorous argument to challenge beliefs
• How does empirical argument work in REBT?

  Disputing evidence supporting negative beliefs
• What is the goal of behavioral activation in therapy?

  To decrease avoidance and increase engagement
• What happens to individuals as they become depressed?

  They avoid difficult situations and become isolated
• What is the purpose of the clinical trial of CBT?

  To compare CBT with older behavior therapy
• Who proposed the negative triad concept?

  Aaron Beck
• What are cognitive errors according to Beck?

  Biases leading to negative focus in thinking
• What is faulty information processing in depression?

  Focusing on negatives while ignoring positives
• What is a negative self-schema?

  Information about oneself interpreted negatively
• What are the three elements of the negative triad?

  Self, world, and future views
• What does Ellis's ABC model explain?

  How irrational thoughts affect behavior and emotions
• What does the 'A' in Ellis's ABC model stand for?

  Activating event
• What are irrational beliefs according to Ellis?

  Beliefs that lead to emotional distress
• What are the consequences of irrational beliefs in Ellis's model?

  Emotional and behavioral consequences arise
• What is one strength of the cognitive approach to therapy?

  It has real-world applications in treatment
• What is cognitive restructuring in therapy?

  Identifying and changing negative cognitive biases
• What is a limitation of the cognitive approach?

  It may not address all causes of depression
• What does the ABC model suggest about mental health?

  Rational thinking leads to good mental health
• What is 'musturbation' in Ellis's model?

  The belief that one must always succeed
• What is 'utopianism' according to Ellis?

  The belief that life should be fair
• What is the effect of irrational beliefs on behavior?

  They can trigger depression and distress
• How does cognitive therapy differ from behavioral therapy?

  Cognitive therapy focuses on thoughts, not just behaviors
• What is the role of homework in cognitive therapy?

  To help clients test their negative beliefs
• What is the primary goal of cognitive behavior therapy?

  To change negative thought patterns
• What is the significance of the negative self-schema?

  It leads to negative interpretations of self
• How does the cognitive approach explain depression?

  Through cognitive errors and negative thinking patterns
• What is the impact of cognitive biases on behavior?

  They can lead to maladaptive behaviors
• What is the focus of Beck's cognitive therapy?

  Identifying and challenging negative thoughts
• What does the term 'catastrophizing' refer to?

  Thinking of the worst possible outcome