461 Exam 2

• cnidarians have radial symmetry, diploblastic, acoelomates
• a cnidocyte is a sensory effector cell containing; nematocyst, cnidocil (trigger), and operculum (lid)
• nerve nets in medusas have nerve rings and ganglia around jellyfish, rhopalium have sensory elements
• ocellus: light

  statocyst: balance

  inner sensory pit: olfaction
• gymnoblastea are athecate, anthomedusa, and have polymorphism
• gymnoblastea

  • Tubularia
  • hydractina
• calyptoblastea are thecate, leptomedusa, and have gastro and gonozooids
• calyptoblastea have a perisarc, hydrotheca (gastrozooid), nad a gonotheca (gonozooid)
• obelia is an example of calyptoblastea
• siphonophora is polymorphic, and has a long string or bladder to keep it afloat
• siphonophora has gastrozooids, dactylzooids, and gonozooids
• siphonophora medusa have nectophores (swimming bells), bracts (protection), and gonophores
• pneumatophores are gas floats and oleocysts are oil floats
• cormidium is a linear sequence of individuals for calycophora
• physophorida

  • portuguese man o war (physalia)
  • velella
• schyphozoa are acraspedote, meaning they have no velum
• discomedusa is a order of schyphozoa and contains aurelia
• aurelia life cycle:

  scyphistoma --> strobilia --> ephyra
• anthozoa have neoteny, and are polyp and solitary only
• stomodeum is an oral disc found in anthozoa
• the coelenteron in anthozoa is divided by septa, stomodeum (mouth), siphonoglyph (with cilia on the ends)
• octocorallia are soft corals that are colonial, with 8 septa, and 1 siphonoglyph
• hexacorallia have 6 septa, 2 siphonoglyphs, can be solitary or colonial, and have acontia (fibers in the GVC)
• Ctenophores are comb jellies with sense organs on all sides, ctenes, and 8 comb rows
• ctenophores have radial symmetry, diploblastic, and are acoelomates
• the cydippid is the comb jelly that we drew with long tentacles
• ctene is in the shape of a comb and is used for movement
• costa of ctenes is a comb row made of 8 ctenes
• statoliths are used as sense organs for ctenophores
• colloblast cells are on the tentacles of ctenophores and are sticky. they are used for feeding and digestion
• pluerobranchia: gooseberries
• Porifera are made of spicules and are filter feeders
• porifera have no symmetry, no germ layers, and no organs
• Porifera body plan:

  • spongocoel: empty space
  • pinacocyes: contractile cells
  • porocytes of osia: water in and out
  • mesohyl: gelatinous nonliving layer
  • choanocytes: collar cells, capture food and gonads
  • gemmule: in spongilla for reproduction, migrate together secrete cysts
• Porifera levels of complexity:

  • asconoid
  • syconoid
  • leuconoid
• calcaria have caco3 spicules with 1 or 3 rays
• hexactinellida are glass sponges with 3 or 6 rays ex. venus flower basket
• demospongia have silica or proteon spicules and are never 6 rayed
• platyhelminthes are flatworms with bilateral symmetry, triploblastic, acoelomates, and have cephalization
• tuberllaria is a class of platyhelminthes that are not parasitic, they reproduce with fewer large eggs