anaphyc5

• skeleton - dried up
• joint - gives the body flexibility and allow movements to occur
• function of skeletal system

  • support
  • protection
  • movement
  • storage
  • blood cell formation
• bone (osseous) - specialized connective tissue that has the strength of cast iron and lightness of pinewood
• long bone - length is greater than its width. act as lever

  eg. arm and leg
• short bones - equal in length, width and thickness.

  eg. wrist and ankle
• flat bones - thin or curved, more often they are flat.

  eg. ribs, scapulae, sternum
• irregular bone - they do not fit neatly

  eg. vertebrae, facial, hipbone
• sesamoid bones - small bones embedded within certain tendons
• tendons- fibrous cord that connect muscles to the bone
• accessory bones - occur in the developing bone, looks like extra bone. most commonly found in the feet. eg. satural
• tibia - longest bone in the body
• diaphysis - tubular shaft , hallow cyndrical with walls of compact bone tissue
• epiphysis- the end of the long bone. wider than the shaft.
• metaphysis - separating diaphysis from epiphysis.
• epiphyseal plate - thick plate of hyaline cartilage. provides the framework of synthesis of the cancellous bone tissue.
• endosteum - lining the medullary cavity of compact bone tissue
• periosteum - covering the outer surface of the bone
• bone tissue - compose of cells embedded in a matrix of ground substance and fibers
• compact bone tissue - dense, hard bone tissue that forms the outer layer of the bone
• osteons (haversian system) made up of concentric layers called lamellae
• central canals , usually have branches called perforating canals
• lacunae - houses osteocytes
• spongy (cancellous) is an open interlaced pattern that withstands maximum stress and supports in shifting tissues.
• trabeculae - tiny spike of bones tissue surrounded by bone matrix that has calcified
• osteogenic cells - small spindle shaped cells. found in the deepest layer of periosteum and endosteum.
• osteoblasts - found in the growing portion of bone. they are able to synthesize and secrete unmineralized ground substance.
• osteocytes - main cell of full developed bone
• osteoclasts - multinuclear giant cell, found where bone is resorbed during its normal growth
• bone - derived from osteoblasts that ceased their physiological activity
• ossification - process where bone is developed
• intramembranous ossification - if bone directly develops from mesenchymal tissue. development continue rapidly from the center
• endochondrial ossification - when bone tissue develop by replacing hyaline cartilage. produced long bones
• function of bone

  • support and protects internal organs
  • main supply of reserve calcium and phosphate
  • manufacturer of red and white cells
• surface markings - where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attached, blood and lymph vessels and nerve pass.
• DEPRESSION AND OPENINGS

  • fissure narrow - cleft like opening between the adjacent parts of the bone
  • meatus - a relatively narrow tubular canal
  • groves and sulcus - are deep furrow on the surface of a bone or other structure
  • fossa - shallow depressed area
• PROCESSES THAT FORM JOINTS

  condyle - knuckle like process, concave or convex

  facet - small, flat surface
• PROCESS TO WHICH TENDONS, LIGAMENTS AND OTHER CONNECTIVE TISSUE ATTACH

  • tubercle - a knob like process
  • tuberosity - a large round roughened process
  • trochanter - large blunt projection found only in the femur
  • crest - prominent ridge
  • line - less prominent ridge than crest
  • spinous process - a sharp slender process
  • epicondyle - prominence above condyle
• axial skeleton - consist bones that lie around the axis
• appendicular skeleton - consist bones of the body out the axial group. eg. appendages, upper and lower extremities