Acid-Base Theories

• Arrhenius Theory

  • Swedish Scientist: Svante August Arrhenius
  • Strong acids > Dissociates 100%
  • CA – Conjugate Acid
  • CB – Conjugate Base
• Weak acids > Partially dissociate (H+)
• Arrhenius Acid

  Yield H or H3O
• Arrhenius Base

  Yield OH
• Bronsted-Lowry Acid

  Proton Donor
• Bronsted-Lowry Base

  Proton Acceptor
• Lewis Acid

  Electron Acceptor
• Lewis Base

  Electron Donor
• Strong Acids (HCBNIPS)

  1. Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)
  2. Hydrobromic Acid (HBr)
  3. Hydroiodic Acid (HI)
  4. Nitric Acid (HNO3)
  5. Perchloric Acid (HClO4)
  6. Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)
• Strong Bases (OH- of Group 1A and 2A)

  1. LiOH
  2. NaOH
  3. KOH
  4. Ca (OH)2
  5. Sr (OH)2
  6. Ba (OH)2
• Weak Acids

  1. CH3COOH
  2. NH4
• Weak Base

  1. NH3
  2. NaHCO3
  3. Al (OH)3
• Pearson’s Hard-Soft Acid Base Theory

  Hard acids prefer to bind with hard bases. Soft acids prefer to bind with soft bases.