FINAL COMMUNICATION

• Explain element of communication process

  1. Sender
  2. Message
  3. Mode / Method
  4. Receiver
  5. Feedback
• ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  1. Sender

  • a person or group who have a reason or idea for communicating.
  • word or symbols to express idea called encoding
• ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  2- MESSAGE

  • the gestures/body language used
  • what is actually said or written
• ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  3- channel/mode

  • The method used to deliver the message. ​
  • The message can be in the form of a letter, telephone, e-mail etc. 
• ELEMENT OF COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  4- Receiver

  • Any person who get the message and attaches some meaning to it by listen, read, hear or observe.
  • it is called decoding – to relate the received message to the storehouse (brain) to sort out the meanings of the message 
• ELEMENT OF THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  5- Feedback

  • A response from the receiver ​
  • Sender able to verify the intended message has been received by the receiver
• Verbal Communication


  Use words, spoken or written by speaking, listening, writing and reading
• What to consider during verbal communication

  1. pace and intonation - softly & slowly to help client calm
  2. simplicity - use commonly understood words
  3. clarity - direct and simple more effective
  4. timing & relevance - appropriate so words being heard
  5. adaptability - alterd in accordance behavioral from client
  6. credibility - honest, confident, consistent, dependable
  7. humor - applied right moment to reduce tension
• non-verbal communication


  body language that can tell a great deal or totally wrong impression
• non-verbal communication can be assessed by

  1. Personal Appearance ​- cloth may convey social, financial, culture, religion, group association and self concept
  2. Posture & Gait ​- suggest a feeling of well being
  3. Facial Expression ​- aware of their own expression
  4. Gestures ​- hand & body may emphasize and clarity the spoken
  5. Touch - can communicate a sense of caring, cautiously use with confused, aggressive, suspicious, victims of abuse
• Factor influencing communication process

  1. development
  2. gender
  3. value and perceptions
  4. age
  5. environment
  6. emotion
  7. language
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  4- AGE


  according to person's age

  ​

  • Infants - non verbal communication such as touch, facial expression. ​
  • Preschool - response to toys and play situation ​
  • Children - use more words (verbal). ​
  • Elderly - allow time for slow response and talk
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  1. DEVELOPMENT

  Knowledge of client’s psychosocial developmental stage will help the nurse to modify the message accordingly 
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  2- GENDER

  • Boys use language to establish independence and negotiate status within a group. ​
  • Girls usually use language ​to seek confirmation, minimize differences, and establish intimacy 
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  3- VALUE & PERCEPTIONS

  • Values are the standards that​ influence behaviour. ​
  • Perceptions are the personal views of the event. ​
  • Each person has different life experiences and will perceive and interpret messages differently 
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  5- ENVIRONMENT

  
  

  • Environment distraction can impair and distort communication
  • Comfortable Environment, Temperature, Noise , Ventilation, Privacy 
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  6- EMOTION

  • Anxious/upset - may not hear the message correctly and interpret wrongly. ​
  • Depressed - talk little, speak one or two words. ​
• FACTOR INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION PROCESS

  7- LANGUAGE 


  Language when spoken must be easy to understand 
• HOW TO COMMUNICATE WITH ANGRY CLIENT

  
  

  1. voice
  2. body language
  3. acknowledge the patient anger
  4. understand why they angry - listen
• RESPOND TO ANGER

  1. Empathy
  2. apologise if an error has occurred
  3. thank the patient
  4. encourge questions/ solutions
• THINGS TO AVOID WHEN SPEAKING TO ANGRY PATIENT

  1. suggest a quick fix
  2. getting angry yourself
  3. being defensive
• SELF CONCEPT (Senario)

  1. self esteem
  2. body image
  3. role performance
  4. identity
• THEORIST OF CARING (MCQ)

  1. MADELINE LEININGER
  2. SIMONE ROACH
  3. JEAN WATSON
  4. KRISTEN SWANSON
  5. ANNE BOYKIN AND SAVINA SCHOENHOFER
• THEORIST OF CARING (MCQ) - (1)MADELINE LEININGER

  culture care diversity and universality theory

  Proposition/Idea​

  • Caring is the essence of nursing and is the distinct, central, unifying form of control​
  • Transcultural nursing focuses on both difference ands similarities among person in diverse cultures​

  Assumptions​

  • Nurse must understand different culture in order to function effectively
• THEORIST OF CARING - (2) SIMONE ROACH

  Caring, the human mode of being theory

  Proposition/Idea​

  • Caring is the most common authentic criterion of human race​
  • Caring is not unique in nursing, because caring is the center of all attributes used to describe nursing
• THEORIST OF CARING - (3) JEAN WATSON

  THEORY OF HUMAN CARE

  Proposition/Idea​

  • Caring is the essence of nursing and moral ideal of nursing​
  • Caring is the moral idea of nursing whereby the end is protection, enhancement and preservation of human dignity​
  • Human care is basis for nursing role in society​

  Assumptions​

  • Emphasizes nursing’s commitment to care of the whole person as well as concern for health of individuals and groups
• THEORIST OF CARING - (4) KRISTEN SWANSON

  THEORY OF CARING

  Proposition/Idea​

  • Caring is nurturing way of relating to a valued other toward one whom one feels a personal sense of commitment and responsibility.”​

  Assumptions​

  • A client’s well being should be enhanced by a caring nurse who understands common human responses to a specific health problems
• THEORIST OF CARING (5) ANNE BOYKIN AND SAVINA SCHOENHOFER

  NURSING AS CARING THEORY

  
  

  Proposition/Idea​

  • “Caring is an altruistic, active expression of love, intentional and embodied recognition of value and correctedness”.​
  • Purpose of profession of nursing is to know the persons and nurture them as persons living and growing in care”​

  Assumptions​

  • Respect of persons as caring individual​
  • Respect of what matters to them​
• SELF CONCEPT

  1. SELF ESTEEM


  the judgment of personal performance compared with the self-ideal
• SELF CONCEPT

  2- BODY IMAGE 


  mental picture of body, not necessarily consistent with a person’s actual body structure or physical appearance include those related to sexuality, femininity and masculinity, youthfulness, health, and strength.
• SELF CONCEPT

  3- ROLE PERFORMANCE

  • a set of expected behaviors determined by familial, cultural, and social norms​
  • role change (breadwinner sick) & role ambiguity (role not clear)
• SELF CONCEPT

  4- IDENTITY

  • what sets one person apart as a unique individual​
  • includes a person’s name, gender, ethnic identity, family status, occupation, and roles​
• BARRIER TO COMMUNICATION 


  Failure to listen, improperly decoding the client’s intended message, and placing the nurse needs above the client’s needs.
• SENARIO

  IF THE PATIENT SAID HE HAVING PAIN. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?


  ASK WHERE IS THE PAIN
• SENARIO

  ANGRY CLIENT. WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? 


  LET THEIR ANGER OUT FIRST UNTIL THEY ARE CALM
• SENARIO

  IF PATIENT DONT WANT TO EAT, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO?

  ASK HIM WHY? - OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS
• DEFINITION OF CARING

  nuturing related to valued other

  towards whom one feels

  a personal commitment and responsibility

  (swanson 1991)