AOS1 pysch

• Inter neuron
• Sensory neuron


  AKA afferent, receives and relays sensory information towards CNS
• Nervous System


  Receives, processes and communicates information
• Brain


  Coordinates mental processes and bodily activity
• Sympathetic Nervous System

  Initiates FFF (fight, flight, freeze) response
• Spinal reflex


  Unconscious response or reflexive nervous system
• Peripheral Nervous System


  Carries information to and from CNS
• Spinal Cord


  Relays information to and from the brain
• Central Nervous System


  Receives, processes and coordinates responses to information
• Motor neuron


  AKA efferent, controls voluntary movement in PNS
• Autonomic Nervous System


  Regulates the internal bodily functions
• Parasympathetic Nervous System

  Calms the body after a stressor and maintains homeostasis
• Neurotransmitter


  A chemical substance that carries information between neurons
• neurotransmitters and neuromodulators

  • Aimed at post-synaptic neuron
  • Aimed at a wide range of post-synaptic neurons
• GABA


  Inhibitory neurotransmitter that causes the post-synaptic neuron to be less likely to release a message
• Dopamine


  Neuromodulator that produces psychological feelings of motivation and further drives reward-based learning
• Glutamate


  Excitatory neurotransmitter that causes the post-synaptic neuron to release a message
• Neuromodulators

  • Dopamine (excitatory)
  • Serotonin (inhibitory)
• Serotonin

  Neuromodulator that has an important role in physiological and psychological experiences such as mood stabilisation, regulating sleep-wake, and regulating digestion & appetite
• Neuromodulator


  Enhance transmission of neurotransmitter for a longer period of time
• Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators are crucial for communication between neurons
• Neurotransmitters

  • Glutamate (excitatory)
  • GABA (inhibitory)
• Pruning


  Synapse removal that occurs during adulthood
• Synaptic plasticity


  The brain's ability to change and adapt by strengthening or weakening the connections between neurons
• Rerouting creates alternative neural pathways by removing damaged neurons and forming new pathways between active neurons
• Long-term depression (LTD)

  • Lasting decrease in strength of synaptic transmission due to lack of stimulation between pre- and post-synaptic neurons
• Neural pathways


  The connections between neurons that allow for the transmission of information
• Sprouting

  Regrowth of new synaptic connections
• Long-term potentiation (LTP)

  • Lasting increase in strength of synaptic transmission due to frequent stimulation between pre- and post-synaptic neurons
• Fixation at a particular stage can lead to personality disorders.
• External stressor


  A stimulus from outside a person's body that prompts a stress response
• Internal stressors

  • Appetite
  • Illness
  • Sleep
  • Thoughts
• Internal stressor


  A stimulus from within a person's body that prompts a stress response
• Freeze

  A response to external stressors that involves becoming immobilized
• External stressors


  • Schoolwork
  • Weather
  • Noise
• Acute stress


  Symptoms are brief in duration and the body bounces back
• Fight


  A response to external stressors that involves confronting the threat
• Chronic stress


  Continues for a prolonged period of time and can be overwhelming
• Flight


  A response to external stressors that involves escaping by running away
• High blood pressure


  A symptom of acute stress