ANSCI BOOGSH

• Poultry – domesticated fowl, such as chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, etc., raised for meat and eggs
• Chicken – 2500 BC in Asia (Red Jungle Fowl
• Turkey – 200 BC in South Western United States
• Mallard Duck – 2500 BC in China
• Geese – 1500 BC in Egypt
• Muscovy Duck – 16th century AD in Peru
• Quail – 11th century AD in Asia
• 1950’s – development of white egg layers using Single Comb White Leghorn (SCWL)
• 1960’s – brown egg layers were developed from Rhode Island Red x SCWL
• Meat type – developed from Cornish x Plymouth White Rock
• Inbreeding - Mating of closely related animals by descent
• Close breeding – siblings, parent to offspring
• Line breeding – second degree (grandsiblings); halfsibs - descendants of outstanding ancestors
• Ordinary inbreeding – mating of distantly related animals w/o regard to single favored ancestors
• Out breeding – mating of unrelated animals
• Upgrading – Native X Exotic breed
• Out crossing – mating of unrelated animals of the same breed
• Cross breeding – mating of different breeds (takes advantage of Hybrid Vigor
• Cross breeding results HETEROSIS
• HYBRID VIGOR – is a product of heterosis
• Strain crossing – crossing two strains possessing similar productive traits
• Line crossing – crossing of highly inbred lines
• Pen mating – single male confined to mate with a group of females for the period of the breeding season
• Stud mating – one is to one mating confined in individual pen of cages
• Flock mating – two or more roosters go with prescribe number of hens in the pen
• East-West direction to provide adequate protection against direct sunlight, strong wind and high temperature
• Open Sided Housing - Long and narrow types of house, which are open on all sides, are preferred because they provide better ventilation and lighting
• Controlled Environment - Inside conditions are maintained as near as possible to the bird’s optimum requirement
• Slatted – slats are made of bamboo, wood, rattan or plastic

  - slat size: 25-50 mm

  - distance between slats: 25 mm
• 2. Slat-litter Floor - 2/3 slat and 1/3 litter - Generally for layers and breeder chickens
• Litter type – uses rice hulls, straw, wood shavings, saw dusts. - thickness of litter must be 50-100 mm
• Cage type - Wire or battery cages for layers
• Artificial heat is required for the first two weeks of chicks life.
• infra-red heater or gas brooder - The recommended source of heat in large scale operation
• Cannibalism - An abnormal behavior in growing chicken manifested by continuous picking in the toes, wings and tail feathers resulting to serious wounds and may lead to death of other birds present in the flock.
• Debeaking or beak trimming – performed within 10 days of age by cutting the upper beak with electric cutter and cauterized from one-third to one-half of its length starting form the tip
• Point of Lay – age of the flock at first egg laid/dropped.
• Laying period – considered to have started at 5-10% egg production. This period marks the flock population known as the Hen Housed.
• Clutch – the number of egg laid by a hen in consecutive days without break
• Persistency – ability of a flock to sustain high egg production.