ANACHEM

    Cards (104)

    • Analysis
      The process of determining the level of any or all components in a material system
    • Analytical Science
      The science that deals with the identification and quantification of the components of material systems
    • Qualitative Analysis
      • An analysis that establishes the chemical identity of the species
    • Analytical Chemistry
      A branch of chemistry that deals with the separation, identification, and quantification of chemical compounds
    • Quantitative Analysis

      • An analysis that determines the relative amounts of analytes in numerical terms
    • Analytical Strategy
      The process involving many individual steps by which an analyte's identity or concentration in a sample is determined
    • Scientific Notation
      A numerical system in which numbers are expressed in the form A x 10^n where A is a number with a single nonzero digit to the left of the decimal place and n is a whole number. The exponent for the exponential term is equal to the number of places the decimal point has been moved. Positive (+) n means a large number so the decimal moves to the right by n places. Negative (-) n means a small number so the decimal moves to the left by n places
    • Prefixes for Units
      • giga- (G) - 10^9
      • mega- (M) - 10^6
      • kilo- (K) - 10^3
      • deci- (d) - 10^-1
      • centi- (c) - 10^-2
      • milli- (m) - 10^-3
      • micro (µ) - 10^-6
      • nano- (n) - 10^-9
      • pico- (p) - 10^-12
    • Fundamental Units of Measurement

      • Mass: Kilogram (kg)
      • Length: Meter (m)
      • Time: Second (s)
      • Temperature: Kelvin (K)
      • Amount of Substance: Mole (mol)
      • Electric current: Ampere (A)
      • Luminous intensity: Candela (cd)
    • # of spaces moved by decimal = exponent
    • Positive (+) n means a large number so the decimal moves to the right by n places
    • Exponent = # of spaces to be moved by decimal
    • Scientific notation to standard notation
      • 8.0123698 x 10^5 -> 801236.98
      • 5.08 x 10^-5 -> 0.0000508
    • Negative (-) n means a small number so the decimal moves to the left by n places
    • Standard notation to scientific notation
      • 801236.98 -> 8.0123698 x 10^5
      • 0.0000508 -> 5.08 x 10^-5
    • Significant Figures
      • 0.0141 has three significant figures
      • 3.063 has four significant figures
      • 0.001004 has four significant figures
      • 56.00 has four significant figures
      • 0.05050 has four significant figures
      • 59,000,000 has two significant figures
      • 6010 has three significant figures
    • Converting from scientific notation to standard notation
      1. If the exponent is positive, you will have a large number (>1) and move the decimal to the right
      2. If the exponent is negative, you will have a small number (<1) and move the decimal to the left
    • Solution Properties: A substance that is d
    • In measurements, there is always some amount of uncertainty
    • Term is equal to the number of places the decimal point has been moved
    • Converting from standard notation to scientific notation
      1. If the number is one or greater, you will have a positive exponent and move the decimal to the left
      2. If the number is less than one, you will have a negative exponent and move the decimal to the right
    • Percent solutions

      • Weight/Volume (w/v) % solutions
      • Volume/Volume % solutions
      • Weight/weight (w/w) % solutions
    • Weight/weight (w/w) % solutions
      • weight of solute / weight of solution x 100
    • Examples of significant figures
      • 59,000,000 has two significant figures
      • 6010 has three significant figures
    • Decimal point is PRESENT in the number
    • Molality (m)

      Expressed as the amount of solute per 1 kg of solvent
    • Relationship between Molarity and Normality
      • Normality = molarity x valence
      • Molarity = Normality / valence
    • Weight/Volume (w/v) % solutions
      • weight of solute (g) / volume of solution (mL) x 100
    • Normality (N)

      Number of equivalent weight per 1 liter of solution
    • Zeros at the end of a number are NOT SIGNIFICANT if the number LACKS an explicitly shown decimal point
    • Molarity (M)

      • Expressed as the number of moles per 1 L of solution
      • A 1.0 M solution contains 1.0 mole of solute per liter of solution
    • Examples of significant figures
      • 56.00 has four significant figures
      • 0.05050 has four significant figures
    • Volume/Volume % solutions
      • volume of solute / volume of solution x 100
    • Solution Properties
      • A substance that is dissolved in a liquid is called a solute
      • The liquid in which the solute is dissolved is the solvent
      • Together they represent a solution
    • Systematic error
      Error that occurs predictably once a pattern of recognition is established; predictable errors of the same sign and magnitude
    • Standard deviation
      A measure of dispersion of a group of values around the mean
    • Coefficient of variation
      The SD divided by mean expressed as a percentage
    • Random error
      Error that occurs unpredictably due to poor precision
    • Accuracy
      How closely a measure value agrees with a true or expected value
    • Statistical calculations
      Mathematical methods used to analyze data