HISTORY

• Public health works in the Philippines during Pre-American Occupation


  Started at the old Franciscan Convent in Intramuros where Fr. Juan Clemente put up a dispensary in 1577 for treating indigents in Manila, eventually becoming the San Juan de Dios Hospital
• Actions during the Philippine Assembly period

  Inauguration of new waterworks in Manila to control cholera, establishment of a nursing school at the Philippine Normal School, inclusion of hygiene and physiology in the curriculum of public elementary schools, initiation of anti-TB campaign, organization of the Philippine Tuberculosis Society, offering Pasteur prophylaxis treatment against rabies, opening of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH), initiation of anti-typhoid vaccine use, first use of hypochlorite of lime for treating Manila's water supply, clarification of the etiology of amoebic dysentery, first use of dry vaccine against smallpox
• Events during the Jones Law years

  Retrogression in health, increase in death rate, infant mortality rate, and disease incidence, increased deaths from various diseases, re-organization of health services, study of causes and prevalence of typhoid fever, study of food composition and vitamin distribution, use of Schick test for diphtheria, campaign against hookworm, first trial of anti-dysentery vaccine, study of seafood's role in disease transmission, establishment of the School of Hygiene and Public Health, organization of the National Research Council of the Philippines, opening of BS in Education major in Health Education at UP
• Hospitals before the Americans came to the Philippines


  • General hospitals: San Juan de Dios Hospital, Chinese General Hospital, Hospicio de San Jose in Cavite, Casa delaCaridad in Cebu, Enfermeria de Santa Cruz in Laguna

  Contagious Hospitals: San Lazaro Hospital, Hospital de Palestina in Camarines Sur, Hospital delos Lesprosos in Cebu, Hospital de Argencina in Manila for smallpox and cholera

  Military hospitals: Hospital Militar de Manila, Hospital Militar de Zamboanga

  Naval Hospitals: Hospital dela Marie in Cebu, Hospital de Basilan

  Other hospitals/Asylums: Hospicio de San Pascual Baylon in Manila, Asylum of St. Vincent de Paul in Manila for poor girls, Hospital of San Jose for orphaned children and mentally ill
• American Military Government's actions in public health

  Control of epidemics such as cholera, smallpox, and plague, fight against communicable diseases like leprosy, diarrhea, malaria, beri-beri, establishment of projects and activities, approval of the first sanitary ordinance and rat control, identification of causes of diseases like amoebic dysentery and malaria
• Mechanism of transmission of dengue fever through Aedes aegypti

  Studied
• Construction of Quezon institute for PTB patients

  Established
• BS in Education major in Health Education

  Opened in UP
• The epidemiology of life-threatening diseases

  Studied - diphtheria, yaws, dengue
• 1940, Bureau of Census and Statistics


  Created to gather vital statistics
• All public health activities were practically paralyzed during Japanese Occupation
• Introduction of one-infection method for gonorrhea with penicillin

  Implemented
• Completion of research on Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)


  Saw dust as larvicide and DDT residual spraying of houses in the control of malaria
• Manila selected as Headquarters for the WHO Western Pacific Office


  Strengthening Health and Dental services in rural areas through RHU program
• General sanitation was reduced to a level enough to constitute a national hazard
• Initiation of programs with multilateral assistance

  WHO and UNICEF assisted TB and BCG programs, TB control program as a basic service of RHU, TB sputum case finding by microscopy, Serum and vaccine production in Alabang, Expanded MCH and Mental Health Program, Training programs for Midwives, Strengthened graduate health programs at the UP-CPH
• Implementation of restructured Health care delivery system

  Primary, secondary, tertiary levels
• Creation of National Economic Development Authority (NEDA)

  During Martial Law Years
• Construction of Novaliches dam


  Established
• Research and Control of TB, malaria, leprosy, and yaws


  Conducted
• Research in the field of health


  Promoted
• Course for sanitary inspector


  Given
• RHU program components

  • Municipal Health Officer (MHO)
  • Public Health Nurse (PHN)
  • Midwife
  • Sanitary Inspector
• US congress passed emergency measures to control diseases: TB, VD, malaria, leprosy, malnutrition
• Inequitable distribution of health services remained a problem
• Philippine Public Health Association (PPHA)


  Organized
• After 5 years of Japanese occupation, public health tried to pick up the debris and rise from the ruins
• Construction of the National Chest Center

  For control case registry for TB, mass immunization with BCG
• Development of Family Planning Movement

  Launched programs in cooperation with private sectors to provide services to periphery (indigents, minority groups)
• Creation of central Health laboratory in the Philippines


  Established
• Department of Health renamed as Ministry of Health (MOH)


  During Martial Law Years
• Construction of tertiary hospitals

  Philippine Heart Center, Lung Center
• Women and Child labor law was passed
• Establishment of School of Hygiene and Public Health

  National Research Council of the Philippines was organized
• 80% of those who died were never given medical attention
• Development of Maternal and Child Health (MCH)

  1939, creation of Department of Public Health and Welfare - Dr. Jose Fabella as the first secretary
• Creation of Institute of Nutrition under BRL


  Transferred to National Institute of Science and Technology and renamed as Food and Nutrition Research Center, then renamed as FNRI
• Survey showed increased incidence of TB, VD, malaria, leprosy, and malnutrition
• Process of gaining and maintaining altitude


  (because the later years under Jones Law was successful)
• Formulation of National Health Plan

  Accomplished during Martial Law Years