EAPP

• Academic Writing - academic writing relies on the credibility of facts and evidence. Its goal is to to analyze or add information.
• STRUCTURE OF ACADEMIC TEXT

  • Topic – What is the text all about?
  • Role – Who am I as a writer?
  • Purpose – Why am I writing this in the first place?
  • Tone – what is my attitude towards the topic?
  • Audience – Who is reading this piece?
• ACADEMIC WRITING should also avoid colloquial expressions, informal expressions, & politically incorrect words because this belongs to more casual and informal discourses.
• WRITER’S PURPOSE

  • to inform - to teach, to add to the reader’s knowledge
  • to entertain - creative non-fiction whose intent-in addition to telling a story-would be to state a narrative in an academic way
  • to persuade aims to influence readers
  • to inspire - must enlighten the readers and give hope
• STRUCTURES OF THESIS STAEMENT

  CLAIM – what do you want to prove?

  OBJECTIVE – what action should be done or accomplish?

  POSITION – what do you believe in?

  ISSUE – what is the problem?
• OUTLINING

  • TOPIC OUTLINE – written in words or fragments (keywords or phrases)
  • SENTENCE OUTLINE – written in complete sentences
  • ALPHANUMERIC OUTLINE

  –uses roman numerals for main ideas

  -uses capital letters for major details

  -uses arabic numerals for minor details

  -uses lowercase letters for further division

  • DECIMAL OUTLINE – uses numbers and decimals for division
• PLAGIARISM - act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credit
• DEDUCTIVE REASONING – conclusion is either true or false and cannot be partly true or false

  Ex. All dogs have ears; golden retrievers are dogs, therefore they have ears.
• INDUCTIVE REASONING – either strong or weak

  Ex. All cats I have seen are white. So, most of the cats are probably white.
• IMPLICIT VS. EXPLICIT

  • IMPLICIT CONCEPT – indirectly stated (just hinted or suggested)

  Ex. Miles moved away from the dog

  EXPLICIT CONCEPT – directly or clearly stated

  Ex. Miles is afraid of dogs
• APPEAL TO THE PERSON – attacking a person’s character

  APPEAL TO FLATTERY – compliments and praise

  APPEAL TO FORCE – uses force or threat

  APPEAL TO PITY – manipulates people’s emotion especially pity
• APPEAL TO AUTHORITY – relying upon testimony (sabi ni teacher, sabi ng parents,)

  BANDWAGON – majority approves, so it must be good (peer pressure)

  FALSE CAUSE – misleading correlation/Post hoc/questionable conclusion

  HASTY GENERALIZATION – uses an isolated experience as a basis for a generalize assumption (nilalahat)
• SLIPPERY SLOPE - a claim that one event leads to another event and so on until we come to some awful conclusion/reward- system

  RED HERRING - misleads or distracts from a relevant or important question/derails an argument to a topic that is not

  connected

  STRAW MAN - misinterpreting or making someone’s

  argument the weakest version of an argument to attack
• REACTION PAPER – you are expected to discuss the topic, objective, event and also your reactions or feelings

  ***Introduction, Body, & Conclusion

  REVIEW PAPER - a commentary involving the writer’s opinion requires persuasion

  CRITIQUE PAPER – in depth literary analysis

  ***quoting excerpts from a text to provide broader context
• LITERARY APPROACHES

   

  HISTORICAL-BIOGRAPHICAL – author’s experience and struggles

  MARXISM – conflict between 2 social class (bourgeoisie/rich & proletariat/poor) depicts discrimination through money, power, and politics

  ***PROPONENT: Karl Marx

  FEMINISM – role, life, and position of women/women as subject of oppression

  ARCHETYPAL – symbols to create meaningful forms

  DECONSTRUCTION – binaries/internal contradictions ex. if there’s good there’s bad or if there’s happiness there’s sadness
• CONCEPT PAPER – providing info or explains a concept

  FORMAL DEFINITION:

  TERM + GENUS/CATEGORY + DIFFERENTIA/DISTINGUISHING FEATURE

  Ex. A pen is a school supply that can be used for writing.
• EXTENDED DEFINITIONS:

  DEFINITON BY ETYMOLOGY - defines the word by tracing its origin

  DEFINITION BY CONTRAST – stating the difference of the two terms. It uses contrasting words like but, yet, whereas, etc.

  DEFINITION BY EXAMPLE – giving examples
• EXTENDED DEFINITIONS:

  DEFINITION BY SYNONYM – giving the synonymous word

  DEFINITION BY FUNCTION – stating what the term is for

  DEFINITION BY ANALOGY – comparing by the use of same characteristics

  DEFINITION BY NEGATION – states a negative idea