Ebglish

• Direct Speech

  • Mary said, "I am going to the store."
  • Indirect Speech: Mary said that she went to the store
• Direct speech allows the reader or listener to hear the speaker's words directly, without any alteration
• Indirect speech conveys someone's words, thoughts, or ideas without quoting them directly
• In indirect speech, the original statement is expressed in your own words
• Indirect Speech


  1. Use reporting verbs to introduce the reported statement

  2. Adjust tense, pronouns, and other elements to fit the context
• Rules when writing direct statements

  1. Quotation Marks

  2. Punctuation

  3. Capitalization

  4. Reporting Verb

  5. Paragraphing

  6. Accuracy
• Direct speech is when you report someone's exact words within quotation marks
• When to use direct statements

  1. Quoting Speech

  2. Dialogue in Fiction and Drama

  3. Informal Writing

  4. Speeches and Presentations

  5. Direct Instructions or Commands
• Direct Speech

  • Mary said, "I am going to the store tomorrow."
  • John exclaimed, "What a beautiful day!"
  • They shouted, "We won the game!"
• Indirect speech is often used to report what someone else has said in a narrative or conversation
• Rules when writing direct statements
• Connotation


  The emotional, cultural, or subjective associations and implications that a word may carry beyond its literal definition
• Negative Connotation

  • Stubborn: Implies a resistance to change or an unwillingness to compromise
  • Manipulative: Suggests deceitful or cunning behavior to influence others
• Types of connotations

  • Positive connotations
  • Negative connotations
• Connotation

  • Home: Denotative Meaning - A place where one lives. Connotative Meaning - Implies warmth, comfort, and a sense of belonging
  • Dove: Denotative Meaning - A type of bird. Connotative Meaning - Symbolizes peace and innocence
  • Snake: Denotative Meaning - A long, legless reptile. Connotative Meaning -
• Denotation


  The literal or dictionary definition of a word, concerned with the specific, direct, and literal meaning of a term
• Denotation


  • Dog: A domesticated carnivorous mammal, typically with a long snout, an acute sense of smell, and a barking, howling, or whining voice
  • Tree: A large, perennial plant with a trunk, branches, and leaves, usually producing seeds or fruits
  • Book: A set of written or printed pages, usually bound with a protective cover, that forms a physical or digital publication
  • Water: A transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for the existence of most forms of life, used for various purposes such as drinking, cleaning, and irrigation
  • Chair: A piece of furniture designed for sitting, typically having a back and four legs
  • Car: A four-wheeled motor vehicle used for transportation
  • Sunset: The daily disappearance of the sun below the horizon
  • Mountain: A large landform that rises prominently above its surroundings, typically having a peak or summit
• Positive Connotation


  • Adventurous: Suggests a spirit of excitement and willingness to explore new and daring experiences
  • Ambitious: Implies a positive desire for achievement and success
• Snake

  • Denotative Meaning: A long, legless reptile
  • Connotative Meaning: May connote deceit, danger, or untrustworthiness
• Manipulative

  • Carries a negative connotation, suggesting deceitful or cunning behavior to influence others
• Economical

  • Denotative Meaning: Using resources efficiently to avoid waste
  • Connotative Meaning: Generally positive, suggesting wise financial management and resourcefulness
• EVALUATION: Identify the meaning of words. Write D if the underlined word is Denotation and C if it is Connotation
• 3. I like your jacket. It is very cool. - C
• 6. The villagers lost their home because of the storm. - D
• 9. My friend seems so cold to me. - C
• Dove

  • Denotative Meaning: A type of bird
  • Connotative Meaning: Symbolizes peace and innocence
• Stubborn

  • This word has a negative connotation, implying a resistance to change or an unwillingness to compromise
• Application: Participants will be divided into 3 groups to answer a table given in the following slide
• 5. Rats lived in dark places. - D
• 2. Lito saw a big snake in their backyard. - D
• 8. He is a beast inside the court. - D
• Storm

  • Denotative Meaning: A disturbance of the atmosphere with strong winds, rain, thunder, etc.
  • Connotative Meaning: Can evoke feelings of danger, chaos, or intensity
• Youthful

  • Denotative Meaning: Characteristics of being young
  • Connotative Meaning: Implies energy, vitality, and a positive, vibrant quality
• Home

  • Denotative Meaning: A place where one lives
  • Connotative Meaning: Implies warmth, comfort, and a sense of belonging
• Politician

  • Denotative Meaning: A person involved in politics, especially as an elected official
  • Connotative Meaning: May carry both positive (leadership, public service) and negative (deception, self-interest) connotations depending on context
• 10. If you stay outside tonight, you will catch a cold. - D
• 7. The whole controversy turned out to be a storm in a teacup. - C
• 1. Linda got low score in her test. She is blue. - C
• 4. The dress in the store is cheap. - D