what were challenges to British rule in India?
-1898 Kaal newspaper founded (was indian nationalist). Its cheif editor Bal Tilak was charged with sedition after defending two Bengali youths who threw a bomb into the carridge of who they thought was the Chief Presidency Magistrate of Calcutta in 1908. Was released in 1916 and tries to unite Hindus and Muslims.
-In 1903, the Young India Society sas formed by Vinaya Damodar Savarkar and his brother the organisation became home to revolutionaries and activists.
-The partition of Bengal sparked a six year uprising against the British Raj
-In 1909, Arthur Jackson and Curzon Wyllie (British officials) were assassinated by Indian revolutionaries. The British Empire clamped down on Indian nationalism. Revolutionary writers were imprisoned and newspapers were shut down. However, the Empire did concede to Indian demands by allowing Bengal to be reunited.
-The swadeshi (self-sufficiency) movement emerged after the partition of Bengal. It encouraged buying only goods produced locally in India, instead of goods produced by foreign countries or companies.
- The educated elite formed the Indian National Congress in 1885 to campaign for Home Rule.
Those in the lower castes formed the 'Servants of India Society' and agitated for reform in Indian legislation.
. India reunited in 1911 due to political protests