Genchem

• Intermolecular Force - forces that exist between molecules
• Intramolecular forces - forces that hold atoms together within a molecules
• Ion-Ion interactions - between two oppositely charged particle
• Ion-Dipole - responsible for the dissolution of most ionic solids in polar solvents
• Dipole-dipole - present in polar molecules which are described as dipoled

  • exists between the partially positive end
• Hydrogen Bonding - Exists when hydrogen is bonded to the most electronegative atoms
• what are the highest electronegativity? F, O, N
• London dispersion forces - weakest type of LMFA and present in all electrically neutral molecules
• it named after the german-american fritz london? London dispersion forces
• Properties of Liquid - can be attributed to the intermolecular forces of that hold the molecules together
• Surface Tension - tendency of a fluid to acquire the least possible surface area
• Cohesion - attraction between like molecules
• Adhesion - attraction between unlike molecules
• Viscosity - measure of a fluids resistance to flow

  • liquids that flow easily have low viscosity
• Vaporization - fraction of the kinetic energy of a liquid escapes from the surface
• Vapor pressure - vapor in equilibrium with its liquid phase in a closed system
• solubility - ability of a substance to dissolve in a given amount of solvent at specified temperature
• Boiling point - substance changes from a liquid to gas
• Phases- defined as a homogeneous states in which the substance has a uniform composition
• Crystalline - regular arrangement of particles

  • Long order of arrangement particle
  • called true solid
• Amorphous - Irregular arrangement of particles

  • short order of arrangement particles
  • called pseudo solid (fake properties)/super cooler liquid (ability to flow over time if temperature drop
• Phase change - change that occur as a result of energy interactions
• Decrease in molecular order (more to less condensed state)

  Increase in molecular order

  (less to more condensed state)
• Endothermic - absorption

  Exothermic - Release
• Colligative properties - dependent on the concentration of solution of solute particles
• Energy - capacity to do work
• Thermochemistry - study of heat charge in chemical reaction
• Law of conservation of energy - not created nor destroyed
• 1st law of thermodynamics - transformed frim one form of energy to another
• Hess' Law of Heat summation - extension of the law of conservation of energy
• collision rate - correct orientation between molecules is required to have successful collision
• Transition state theory - all bonds involved in the reaction are broke and formed
• Catalyst - substance that speed up a chemical reaction
• Hetero catalyst - diff phase

  • reaction are absorbed on the surface
• Homo catalyst - same phase

  • CFCs - used as refrigerant