SCIENCE

• Sensory and coordination


  Nervous
• Distribution of nutrients

  Circulatory
• Nutrient absorption

  Digestive
• Waste removal


  Excretory
• Defend body against infection


  Immune
• Coordination and movement

  Muscular
• For continuation of the species


  Reproductive
• Gas exchange

  Respiratory
• Support and protection


  Skeletal
• Filter the blood and create urine as waste product


  Urinary
• To balanced hormones

  Endocrine
• Temperature and regulation


  Integumentary
• To balanced body fluid

  Lymphatic
• The Digestive System


  Green: Esophagus

  Red: Stomach

  Pink: Small Intestine

  Brown: Large Intestine

  Purple: Liver

  Green: Gall Bladder

  Yellow: Pancreas

  
• Small Intestine: Small intestines are roughly 7 meters long. Lining of intestine walls has finger-like projections called villi, to increase surface area. The villi are covered in microvilli which further increases surface area for absorption. Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls. Absorbs: 80% ingested water, Vitamins, Minerals, Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids. Secretes digestive enzymes
• Epiglottis is a flap-like structure at the back of the throat that closes over the trachea preventing food from entering it. It is located in the Pharynx
• 3 main parts of the small intestine: The shortest and the most fixed part, The middle and f
• Digestive System

  • Organization: Tube within a tube
  • Direct link/path between organs
  • Structures: Mouth, Pharynx, Esophagus, Stomach, Small intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum
• The Alimentary tract is the long tube in the body through which food passes after it is eaten (from mouth to anus)
• Esophagus: Approximately 20 cm long. Functions include: Secrete mucus, Moves food from the throat to the stomach using muscle movement called peristalsis. If acid from the stomach gets in here, that’s heartburn
• What happens when you are hungry

  Body signals hunger, prompting the need to eat
• How do we absorb food

  Nutrients from food pass into the bloodstream through the walls of the digestive system
• Mouth: The anterior opening of the body. Teeth mechanically break down food into small pieces. Tongue mixes food with saliva (contains amylase, which helps break down starch). As the food breaks and mixed with saliva, the food is rolled into ball-like structures called bolus (solid form)
• Stomach: J-shaped muscular bag that stores the food you eat, breaks it down into tiny pieces. Mixes food with Digestive Juices that contain enzymes to break down Proteins and Lipids. Acid (HCl) in the stomach kills bacteria and digests food. Food found in the stomach is called Chyme (liquid form of the food)
• Small Intestine secretes


  Digestive enzymes
• Microvilli


  • Cover the villi and further increase surface area for absorption
• Rectum is located at the distal end of the sigmoid colon, 8 inches long, and serves as short-term storage for feces before expulsion
• Nutrients from the food pass into the bloodstream through the small intestine walls
• Large Intestine functions include

  1. Bacterial digestion

  2. Ferment carbohydrates

  3. Absorb more water

  4. Concentrate wastes
• Digestion phases include

  1. Ingestion

  2. Movement

  3. Mechanical and Chemical Digestion

  4. Absorption

  5. Elimination
• Large Intestine is about 1.5 meters long and accepts what small intestines don't absorb
• 3 main parts of the small intestine

  • The shortest and the most fixed part
  • The middle and freely movable portion
  • The longest and the highly coiled part
• Small Intestine absorbs


  • 80% ingested water
  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Lipids
• Saliva is a chemical substance that is a combination of watery fluid (serous fluid) and mucus, approximately 1 liter is produced
• Accessory Organs


  • Salivary glands
  • Liver
  • Gall bladder
  • Pancreas
• The liver has over 400 functions including production of bilirubin, blood detoxification, production of cholesterol, and bile production to aid fat digestion
• Villi


  • To increase surface area
• The pancreas produces digestive enzymes to digest fats, carbohydrates, and proteins, and regulates blood sugar by producing insulin
• Anus is the opening through which solid waste passes from the body, the posterior opening of the digestive tract
• The gall bladder stores bile from the liver and releases it into the small intestine. Fatty diets can cause gallstones, and it stores 500-1000 ml of bile daily