ENG 112

• Reading provides exploration and discovery
• Writing


  The process of using symbols (letters of the alphabet, punctuation and spaces) to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form
• Reading comprehension


  The ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows
• Reading improves one's vocabulary and language skills
• Reading strengthens the brain and improves memory
• Reading


  The process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning from them
• Language


  A system used for communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture
• Mind map


  1. Used to represent knowledge of a concept or idea

  2. Useful for brainstorming and exploring topics or ideas
• Addiction requires self-recovery
• Venn diagram

  1. Used to show the similarities and differences between two or more people, objects, or ideas

  2. Uses overlapping circles to represent different objects or ideas that share similar traits in some way
• Through the author's description, the reader can infer what the person Margarette looks like
• When describing observations, it triggers sensory images among readers
• Addiction is hard to avoid
• Purposes of a discourse

  • To inform: provides a descriptive and comprehensive discussion on the topic
  • To persuade: tries to convince the readers that the proposed claim or solution is better than any other proposal
  • To entertain: provides a source of entertainment for its readers
• Argumentative discourse should appeal to logic or reason instead of emotion
• Techniques in selecting and organizing information

  1. Graphic Organizers such as concept maps and mind maps are important and effective pedagogical tools for organizing content and ideas

  2. They aid in facilitating comprehension of newly acquired information

  3. Graphic Organizers are a communication tool that uses visual symbols to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas, and the relationships between them

  4. They are a way to organize information visually to see how ideas relate to one another
• discourse

  1. is a formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner

  2. It can be an utterance, talk, speech, discussion, conversation, or even text
• Narration

  1. Recalls events chronologically

  2. Told in the first-, second-, or third-person point of view

  3. Structure may be linear or nonlinear
• Common graphic features

  • Chart: list of information
  • Diagram: drawing that shows arrangement and labeled parts of a whole
  • Flowchart: series of boxes and arrows to show step-by-step progression
  • Graph: shows the relationship between numbers of things
• Types of discourse

  • Argumentation: aims to persuade the audience or readers by presenting valid claims or counterclaims supported by evidence
  • Description: based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject, triggers sensory images among readers
• Reflection

  1. Self

  2. Peer
• Exposition

  1. Aims to inform, clarify, and explain a phenomenon

  2. Defines what something is and provides an in-depth discussion about topics that are usually less explored

  3. Gives reader instructions on how something is done
• Types of illustrations

  • Illustration: drawing of people, a place, an object, or an event
  • Map: drawing of part of Earth to show features like oceans, countries, mountains, or roads
  • Photo: printed image of people, a place, an object, or an event
  • Realia: detailed photo of a real historical object, like a poster, map, or newspaper article
  • Table: a systematic arrangement of data in rows and columns
  • Timeline: lists facts along a line in the order in which they happened
• The 4 Macro Skills

  • Listening
  • Speaking
  • Reading
  • Writing
• Receptive Skills


  Listening and Reading
• Productive Skills


  Speaking and Writing
• Reading


  The process of looking at a series of written symbols and getting meaning from them
• Reading


  • Involves recognition, comprehension, and fluency
• Reading Comprehension


  The ability to process text, understand its meaning, and to integrate with what the reader already knows
• Importance of Reading


  • Strengthens the Brain and improves memory
  • Improves one's Vocabulary and Language Skills
  • Provides exploration and discovery
• Writing


  The process of using symbols (letters of the alphabet, punctuation and spaces) to communicate thoughts and ideas in a readable form
• Language


  The principal method of human communication, consisting of words used in a structured and conventional way and conveyed by speech, writing, or gesture
• Discourse


  A formal and often lengthy discussion of a topic, where concepts and insights are arranged in an organized and logical manner
• Purposes of Discourse


  • To inform
  • To persuade
  • To entertain
• Argumentative Discourse


  The writer aims to persuade the audience or readers by presenting valid claims or counterclaims, each supported by evidence, to prove a point
• Descriptive Discourse


  Based on the main impression of the author about the topic or subject, influenced by prior knowledge, culture, environment, and experiences
• Expository Discourse


  Aims to inform, clarify, and explain a phenomenon by defining what something is and providing an in-depth discussion
• Narrative Discourse


  Like storytelling, recalls events chronologically in the first-, second-, or third-person point of view, with a linear or nonlinear structure
• Graphic Organizers


  Communication tools that use visual symbols to express knowledge, concepts, thoughts, or ideas, and the relationships between them
• Common Graphic Features


  • Chart
  • Diagram
  • Flowchart
  • Graph
  • Illustration
  • Map
  • Photo
  • Realia
  • Table
  • Timeline