Pahl studied how couples with at least one child under 16 managed their money. She found the most common arrangement was for them to pool it but for the husband to have greater say in how it was spent and to spend more on himself. In just over a fifth of couples, usually where the husband had the main or only wage, he had total control of the finances, giving his wife a house-keeping allowance which she had to stretch to buy regular household items. This is indicative of male dominance.