ELECTRONEGATIVITY

• WHAT IS ELECTRONEGATIVITY?

  power of an atom to attract the electron density in a covalent bond towards itself
• WHAT SCALE IS ELECTRONEGATIVITY MEASURED ON?

  Pauling scale
• WHAT IS THE RANGE ON THE PAULING SCALE?

  0 to 4
• WHAT IS ELECTRON DENSITY?

  way negative charge is distributed in a molecule
• WHAT ARE THE MAIN FACTORS ELECTRONEGATIVITY DEPEND ON?

  • nuclear charge
  • distance between nucleus and outer shell electrons
  • shielding
• DO SMALLER ATOMS HAVE HIGHER OR LOWER ELECTRONEGATIVITIES?

  higher
• WHY DO SMALLER ATOMS HAVE HIGHER ELECTRONEGATIVITIES?

  less distance between nucleus and outer shell electrons
• DO ATOMS WITH LARGER NUCLEAR CHARGES HAVE HIGHER OR LOWER ELECTRONEGATIVITIES?

  higher
• HOW DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY CHANGE UP A GROUP?

  increases
• HOW DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY CHANGE DOWN A GROUP?

  decreases
• HOW DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY CHANGE ACROSS A PERIOD?

  increases
• HOW DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY CHANGE BACKWARDS ACROSS A PERIOD?

  decreases
• WHY DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY INCREASE UP A GROUP?

  the atoms are smaller with less shielding
• WHY DOES ELECTRONEGATIVITY INCREASE ALONG A GROUP?

  nuclear charge increases while number of inner levels stays the same which makes smaller atoms with less shielding
• WHAT ARE THE MOST ELECTRONEGATIVE ATOMS?

  F, O, N, Cl