forms of distrubution

• Road

  • Businesses can deliver products directly to customers or retail locations without the need for intermediate handling or transfers.
  • Road transportation is often more cost-effective for short to medium distances.
  • Road transport may have limitations in terms of capacity, making it less suitable for transporting large quantities of goods.
  • Road transport can be slower than other modes, sea/rail/air especially for long-distance shipments.
  • Vehicles used in road transport contribute to pollution and carbon emissions, impacting the environment.
• Sea

  • Sea transport is often more cost-effective for long-distance shipments and bulk cargo.
  • Ships have the capacity to transport large and heavy goods, making it suitable for industries such as manufacturing and bulk commodities.
  • Sea transport generally has longer transit times compared to other modes, particularly for intercontinental shipments.
  • Sea transport usually requires additional inland transportation or connecting services to move goods to and from ports.

  Rail
• Rail

  • Rail transport is suitable for moving heavy and bulky goods, such as machinery or raw materials.
  • Rail transport is often faster than road or sea for long-distance shipments within a continent or country.
  • Trains generally have lower carbon emissions compared to road vehicles, contributing to a more sustainable distribution method.
  • Rail transport usually requires additional inland transportation or connecting services to move goods to and from rail stations/depots.
• Air

  • Air transport offers the quickest transit times, allowing businesses to deliver goods rapidly.
  • Air freight is generally more costly than other modes of transport, especially for large or heavy shipments.
  • Air transport enables businesses to reach international markets and quickly respond to customer demands worldwide.
  • Air transport usually requires additional inland transportation or connecting services to move goods to and from airports.
  • Airplanes contribute significantly to pollution and carbon emissions, impacting the environment.