macros: carbs

• Carbohydrate: energy source and building material. structure 1:2:1 CHO
• monosaccaride: single C chain to which –OH groups are attached and possess one of two functional groups, aldehyde or ketone. suffix -ose
• monosaccarides: glucose can be alpha(below plane) or beta(above plane)

  
• disaccarides: composed of 2-3 simple sugars attached by covalent bonds known as glycosidic linkages (formed by dehyd.)
• disaccarides: maltose formed by 2 a-glucose, makes a α 1-4 linkage
• disaccarides: sucrose formed by α-glucose and β-fructose, make a α1-2 linkage
• disaccarides: lactose formed by α-glucose and α-galactose, make a  β1-4 linkage
• polysaccharides: made up of many monomers joined together by glycosidic links. function as energy or structure
• polysac: amylose: α-glucose chain with α 1-4 linkage (in starch, plants)
• polysac: amylopectin: α-glucose chain, α 1-4 linkage in chain and α 1-6 in branches (in storage, plants)
• polysac: glycogen: α-glucose chain, α 1-4 linkage in chain, α 1-6 in branches, more branches (in storage)
• polysac: cellulose: β-glucose chain, β 1-4 linkage (in cell wall)
• polysac: chitin: N-acetylglucosamin

  e. (in exoskeleton)
• Cellulose is v strong. This is due to hydrogen bonds. Humans are unable to digest cellulose bc lack the enzymes to break β 1-4 linkages. Cellulose is needed bc it scrapes the walls of the large intestine.