Acid-base and redox reactions

• Formula for hydrochloric acid

  HCl
• Formula for sulphuric acid

  H2SO4
• Formula for nitric acid

  HNO3
• Formula for phosphoric acid

  H3PO4
• Formula for ethanoic acid

  CH3COOH
• Formula for sodium hydroxide

  NaOH
• Formula for potassium hydroxide


  KOH
• What does an acid release in solution?

  H+ ions
• What does an alkali release in solution?

  OH-
• What makes an acid strong?

  It completely dissociates in solution
• What makes an acid weak?

  It does not fully dissociate in solution
• Neutralisation reaction is between

  H+ and OH- to form H2O
• Acid + metal produces

  Salt + hydrogen
• Acid + metal oxide


  Salt + water
• Acid + metal hydroxide


  Salt + water
• Acid + metal carbonate


  Salt + water + carbon dioxide
• What happens when an acid dissociates?

  The H+ ions transfer to water molecules, forming hydroxonium ions (H3O+)
• Difference between strong and weak acids in equation?

  Weak acid-base dissociation is reversible
• What is reduction?

  The gain of electrons (RIG) OR decrease in oxidation number
• What is oxidation?

  The gain of electrons (OIL) OR increase in oxidation number
• What is the oxidising agent?


  The species that is reduced
• What is the reducing agent?

  The species that is oxidised
• What is the oxidation state of any element in a redox reaction?

  0
• What is a disproportionation reaction?

  A reaction where both the same element is reduced and oxidised simultaneously