Producing new cells

• Embryonic stem cells and adult blood stem cells are different types of stem cells
• Cell organisation

  • Specialised cells work together to create more complex structures
  • Groups of specialised cells work together to form particular functions
• Stages of Mitosis

  1. Chromosomes duplicate

  2. Chromosomes line up at the equator

  3. Spindle fibres attach to each pair of chromatids

  4. Chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell

  5. New nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes forming 2 nuclei

  6. Cell divides to produce 2 genetically identical daughter cells
• Chromosomes


  Thread-like structures made up of DNA found in the cell
• Organs


  • Are made of several different types of tissues
  • Groups of organs can work together in systems such as the circulatory system or the respiratory system
• The process of cell division is called mitosis and provides new cells for growth, repair, and to replace damaged tissues
• Stem Cells

  1. Stem cells in animals are unspecialised and have the potential to become specialised cells

  2. Stem cells can divide to self-renew and repair

  3. Stem cells can be found in the embryo and at a very early stage in bone marrow throughout life
• Diploid cells contain matching sets of chromosomes (2n) while haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes (n)
• All cells in the body are diploid except sex cells, which are haploid