ucsp

• Socioeconomic status (SES)


  An economic and sociological combined total measure of a person's work experience and of an individual's or family's economic and social position in relation to others, based on income, education, and occupation
• Gender


  The range of characteristics pertaining to, and differentiating between, masculinity and femininity
• Understanding cultures rather than regarding them as "weird" is important
• Food Taboos


  • One of the food taboos among Muslims is eating pork
• Religion


  A unified system of beliefs and practices related to sacred things, things set apart and forbidden - beliefs and practices which unite into one single moral community
• Political Dynasties


  • Groups whose members are involved in politics, seen in families that have been part of the government for several generations
• Social change


  Transformations that alter the roles and status of people as well as the structure and organization of society and its institutions
• Elections


  1. A formal decision-making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office

  2. The usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the 17th century

  3. May fill offices in the legislature, sometimes in the executive and judiciary, and for regional and local government
• Ethnicity


  Cultural traits that are shared by a category of people such as language, religion, or national origin
• Identity


  Distinctive characteristics that define an individual or are shared by those belonging to a particular group
• Istambays


  • Often regarded as unruly and suspected of theft and other misdemeanors, many face job difficulties due to inadequate opportunities in the Philippines
• Political change

  Alteration in the way power and authority are exercised in a particular state
• Anthropology


  The systematic study of the biological, cultural, and social aspects of man
• Cultural Anthropology


  Studies cultural variation across different societies and examines the need to understand each culture in its own context
• Social Anthropology

  Studies how social patterns and practices and cultural variations develop across different societies
• Linguistic Anthropology


  Studies language and discourse and how they reflect and shape different aspects of human society and culture
• Biological or Physical Anthropology


  Studies the origins of humans as well as the interplay between social factors and the processes of human evolution, adaptation, and variation over time
• Political Science


  The systematic study of politics, focusing on the activity through which people make, preserve, and amend the general rules under which they live
• Sociology


  The study of human social life, groups, and society
• Key figures in shaping Sociology

  • August Comte
  • Herbert Spencer
  • Karl Marx
  • Emile Durkheim
  • Max Weber
• Human beings are naturally inclined to establish societies to ensure their survival by establishing mutually beneficial relationships
• Sociology focuses on the fundamental values of equality, freedom, and justice
• Sociology


  Study of human social life, groups, and society
• Society


  Group of individuals sharing a common culture, geographical location, and government
• Sociology

  Defined by Anthony Giddens as "the study of human social life, groups, and society"
• Sociology is an academic discipline that attempts to provide a deeper assessment of individual and group behavior by examining the interplay between economic, political, and social factors
• Characteristics of a society

  • Social solidarity
  • Shared identity and culture
  • Common language
  • Large population
  • Definite geographical area
  • Political, economic, and social organization
• Culture

  Set of beliefs, ideas, values, practices, knowledge, history, shared experiences, attitudes, material objects, and possessions accumulated over time and shared by the members of society
• Mores


  Norms that have great moral significance attached to them and when violated endanger society
• Society enables individuals to acquire necessary survival skills, maximize their potential, and share resources
• Non-material culture


  • Consists of intangible things like values, language beliefs, traditions/practices, political system
• Components of Culture

  • Technology
  • Symbols
  • Language
  • Values
  • Norms
• Folkways


  Norms that describe socially acceptable behavior but do not have great moral significance attached to them
• Norms

  • Folkways
  • Mores
• Material culture


  • Consists of tangible things like technology, architecture, fashion, food
• Enculturation

  The process of acquiring and internalizing culture
• Culture is learned through enculturation and socialization
• Socialization


  The process of learning and accepting social behavior, values, beliefs, norms, and language
• Ethnocentrism diminishes or invalidates "other" ways of life and creates a distorted view of one's own, affecting individual behavior and relationships with other cultures
• William Howard Taft: 'Once referred to the Filipinos as the Americans' "little brown brothers" who needed to be supervised by the United States of America in establishing a society and government that approximates "Anglo American standards"'