Lesson 1

• Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic eukaryotes with tissues that develop from embryonic layers.
• Animals lack the structure support of cell walls
• Animals ingest organic molecules and use enzymes to digest it within their bodies.
• What is the most abundant protein that provides structural support to animal cells and connects them to one another?

  Collagen
• Animals are organized into a group of similar cells that act as a unit, they are called?

  Tissues
• What are the tissues responsible for moving the body and conducting nerve impulses ?

  Muscle tissue and nervous tissue (Movement and conduction of nerve impulses are central to the animal lifestyle)
• What is this type of reproduction called? Diploid stage dominates the life cycle

  Sexual reproduction
• An embryoinic stage in animal development encompassing the formation of three layers. This is called the?

  Gastrula

  
• All adult animal tissues originate from embryonic tissues developed by the gastrula
• Outer layer of the embryo. Develops Nervous tissue, sensory system and epidermis of the skin. This embryonic tissue is called?

  Ectoderm
• Inner layer of the embryo. Epithelial cells lining digestive tracK and accessory organs, digestive organ system (liver, pancreas). Epithelial lining of respiratory, excretory and reproductive tissues(talvez). What is this embryonic tissue called?

  Endoderm
• Middle layer of the embryo. Composes dermis of the skin, Skeletal and muscular systems, Excretory and reproductive systems, Circulatory and lymphatic systems. What is this embryonic tissue called?

  Mesoderm
• Clustering of neurons and sense organs. This is ?

  Cephalization
• Cephalization and bilateral symmetry changed what it meant to be an animal
• Metamorphosis is a process of developmental transformation of an organism from one stage to another.
• DNA sequence that is part of genes that are involved in the regulation of animal development, as well as regulate the expression of other genes. This DNA sequences are called?

  Homeobox
• What is a shared homeobox-containing family of genes among animals?

  Hox genes
• Hox genes: Control the expression of genes that influence animal morphology
• Sponges do not have Hox genes
• Animals may have risen by 710 milliom years ago
• The use of a shell for protection can be attributed to?

  Predation
• After the cambrian explosion : The first arthropods, chordates and echinoderms appeared
• Hox genes developed after the cambrian explosion
• In the mezosoic era, the phyla began to spread into new habitats
• Counter current exchange system: Regulates blood flow, increasing or decreasing heat exchange across to maintain thermal balance.
• Adaptation: Inherited characteristic of an organism that increases its survival and reproduction in a particular environment.
• Shape and form: Fundamental aspects that affect the animal's interaction with it's environment.
• The range of animal forms is limited by the laws of physics and chemistry. ç
• Exchange occurs as substances dissolved in an aqueous solution move across the plasma membrane of each cell.
• A multicellular organization works only if every cell has access to a suitable aqueous environment, outside or inside the animal's body.
• Spaces between the cells are filled with interstitial fluid.
• Interstitial fluid and circulatory fluidws enable cells to obtain nutrients and get rid of wastes
• Tissues form organs. Organs form systems. Systems form organisms.
• There are four main types of animal tissue : Epithelial, Connective, muscle and nervous.
• An animal's tissues, organs and organ's system must act in sintonía with one another
• For coordination and control, which are the two major systems involved?

  Endocrine and Nervous sytem
• Hormones are released from endocrine cells into the blood and travel through the body.
• Nervous system : Neurons use electrical signals to carry messages throughout the body.
• The nervous system sends signals to specific nearby target cells
• The nervous system handles immediate and rapid responses to the environment.