waves

• Frequency is the number of complete cycles of a wave that occur in one second.
• Waves transfer energy without transferring matter
• Longitudinal waves have a vibrating particle that oscillates parallel to the direction of the wave.
• Transverse waves are waves that oscillate perpendicular to the direction of energy transfer.
• A wavelength is the length of two peaks or two troughs of a wave.
• A time period is the time taken for one wave to pass
• The frequency is the number of waves passing each second
• wave speed = frequency x wavelength
• Radio waves, micro waves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, X rays, gamma rays are all apart of the electromagnetic spectrum
• EM waves are all transverse waves
• Rarefraction is when the particles are not evenly spaced and the particles are not evenly distributed.
• Sound waves are an example of longitudinal waves and water ripples are an example of transverse waves
• Refraction is when waves enter a new medium and bend towards the normal.
• EM waves are emitted and absorbed by electrons, but gamma rays are emitted by nuclei
• if energy is high enough it can cause electrons to leave it's atom and make an ion