macros: protein

• proteins: only DNA carries the code for production, make up 50% of cells dry mass, builds structures, transports o2 in blood
• amino acids<peptide<polypeptide<protein
• amino acids: amino group and carboxyl group on R-chain. amphiprotic.
• amino acids: depending on R-chain can be: nonpolar (hydrophobic), polar (hydrophilic), charged (acidic/basic)
• peptide bonds: link amino acids in dehydration reaction. amino group to carboxyl group
• levels of structure: primary: sequence of amino acids, secondary: coils and folds caused by h-bonds, tertiary: interactions btwn side chains, quaternary: arrangement of two+ polypeptide chains in protein formation
• tertiary structure: side chain interactions: hydrophobic side chains congregate, disulphide bridges form btwn sulfhydryl side chains, ionic bonds form btwn charged side chains, proline kink forms btwn amino and r-group in proline only.
• protein denaturation: unravels and is non-functional. enzymes, high temps, and pH.