Ch 2 Ideological Dimension of Globalization

• Ideology is the science of new ideas (Destutt de Tracy, 1796). Afforded the scholars with the means of explaining or interpreting the conditions of the world in the early times.
• Ideology pertains to a more or less coherent set of ideas that provides a stable basis for an organized political action, whether this is intended to preserve, modify, or overthrow the existing system of power (Heywood, 2003)
• Element of Ideolody: An Interpretation of the Existing Condition

  Common practice among scholars to start with the interpretation of the existing economic, social, and political arrangements.
• Element of Idelogy: A Foresight or Vision of the Future

  Description of the current condition clears the way towards thinking of a better version. The existence of an unfavorable condition will result to the proposal of a better condition that should replace the older one.
• Element of Ideology: A Strategy for Realizing the Future

  Articulating an effective strategy to accomplish a desired condition, an ideal society, does not come in handy. It takes an intensive exercise of intellect on the part of an individual in order to design a workable strategy.
• Functions of Ideology: Explanation (1)

  Describing the existing social, economic, and political conditions of a particular society.
• Functions of Ideology: Evaluation (2)

  Complements the other functions by providing necessary standards assessing the existing conditions of the society.
• Functions of Ideology: Orientation (3)

  State or condition of being aligned with a particular group of people or institution in a society.
• Functions of Ideology: Political Program (4)

  Adherents of ideology with approproate directions on how to execute their social and political platforms.
• Social Imaginary is a way of how people imagine their social existence (Taylor, 2011)

  • How they fit together with others
  • How things move between them and their fellows
  • The expectations that are normally met
  • Deeper normative notions and images that underlie these expectations
• Social Imaginary is a broad framework that facilitates ample explanation of the communal existence of individuals in the society. This discusses how several individuals conduct themselves and relate with the other members of the society (Bihasa, 2020)
• Social Imaginary consists of three elements/characteristics (Steger)

  • Imagine - Visualize the condition of the society
  • Parameters - Common space where it is feasible to imagine the existence of things
  • Communal Existence - How an individual can relate with the other members of the society
• Traditional Ideologies

  • Liberalism
  • Conservatism
  • Socialism
• Modern Ideologies

  • Fascism
  • Anarchism
  • Feminism
  • Environmentalism
  • Fundamentalism
• Traditional Idelogy: Liberalism

  Prevailing ideology. Society is best constituted with the unrestricted exercise of individual liberty by its legitimate members. No absolutism, there should be limitations. Characteristics: Individualism, Freedom, Democract, Reason, Constitutionalism, Toleration, and Consent.
• Traditional Idelogy: Conservatism

  Contradicts liberalism. Importance of organizations and other structures than on the presence of individual members. Elements: Tradition, Pragmatism, Hierarchy, Organism, Human Imperfections, Authority, and Property.
• Traditional Ideology: Socialism

  Centered on the working class that are tend to be exploited and is presumed as the group that would lead post-liberal society (Marx). Elements: Community and Fraternity
• Modern Ideology: Facism

  Led by strong leaders, that the state cannot be ruled by a weak person. Since 1930, there were known dictators, Mussolini and Hitler, who initiated the sweeping overhaul of the political landscape of several countries in Europe.
• Modern Idelogy: Anarchism

  Political authority, in all its forms, especially in the form of state, is both evil and unnecessary.
• Types of Anarchism

  • Individualist - Rational individuals lead
  • Collectivist - Independent groups lead
• Modern Ideology: Feminism

  Thrived to reach a broad range of audiences and encouraged other countries to join the struggle of women in the international community. This pursues women protection.
• Modern Ideology: Environmentalism

  Responsibility of protecting the environment against the abuses of humans that started after the introduction of the Industrial Revolution. To reform the global environment.
• Modern Ideology: Fundamentalism

  Style of thought in which certain principles are recognized as essential truths that have an overriding authority regardless of their content.
• Current forms of ideolofies are continuously changing and requires periodic appreciation of developments that may affect existing ideational system. The terms traditional and modern ideologies are no longer relevant.
• Globalism is the set of logical ideas that explains how the flow of goods, information, and services is taking place in the global community,
• Six Core Claims: Liberalization and Global Integration of Markets

  • Market Liberalization - Reduction of restrictions imposed by the government to the economy of a country
  • Market Integration - Putting together several markets into an aggregate or complementary whole
• Six Core Claims: Inevitable and Irreversible

  Globalization is happening everywhere. They cannot be reversed no matter how negative the outcome is.
• Six Core Claims: Nobody is In-Charge of Globalization

  Everybody is in-charge of globalization. Unique capability to self-regulate.
• Six Core Claims: Benefits Everyone

  Provides beneifts such as trade, investment, technologies, raised standard of living, and skilled jobs.
• Six Core Claims: Furthers the Spread of Democracy in the World

  
  

  Effective tool in spreading democracy.
• Six Core Claims: Requires War on Terror

  Concerned action on the part of the global community to address challenges that may impede globalization.