Social institutions

• Social institutions are hierarchical systems that bring order to interpersonal interactions, structuring society
• Anarchy: rule of none, absence of government or lack of the central rule
• Monarchy: rule of 1, typically hereditary head pf state, can be symbolic or fully autocratic
• Oligarchy: rule of the few, power rests with a small number of people
• Democracy: rule of the people, power rests with all citizens through voting rights
• Capitalism is a system where resources and means to produce goods are privately controlled&desire for profit drives all
• Socialism is a system where resrouces and means to produce goods are managed collectively, relies on government regulations
• Teacher expectancy: teachers treat student differently according to preconceived ideas about their capabilities
• Hidden curriculum: school transmits cultural ideals beyond the stated goals of institution
• Educational segregation: students from disadvantaged groups receive lower quality of education than more privileged students
• Educational stratification: separation of students into groups based on their academic performance, which later influences opportunities in life
• McDonaldization: philosophy valuing efficiency, calculability, predictability and control
• Meritocracy - advancement of individuals is based solely on their abilities and achievements
• Monotheistic: only 1 G-d
• Polytheistic: more than 1 G'd
• Church is a mainstream group, more tolerant that allows members to join
• Sect is a smaller subdivision of larger religions that are distinct in some aspects of their beliefs
• Cult is a religious organization that is viewed faw out, tend to keep to themselves
• Fundamentalists are those that adhere very strictly to their belief system, do not tolerate other religions much
• Secularization: transformation from religious to non-religious values and institutions which is happening due to modernization
• Polygamy can exist as polygyny (one man, more than one woman) and polyandry (one woman, more than one man)
• Medicalization is a description of a behavior as a symptom of illness (ex> active student in class gets diagnosis of ADHD & tx)
• Social epidemiology focuses on the effects of social-structural factors on health
• Sick role desribes the typical role ones take when they are sick
• Illness experience describes one's experience of being ill which can vary greatly from person to person