Soft Tissues

• Identify the structure and label the ligaments

  A) right knee (anterior)

  B) Lateral collateral

  C) Patellar

  D) Medial collateral

  
• Identify the structure and label the ligaments

  A) Right hip (anterolateral)

  B) Illiofemoral

  C) Pubofemoral

  
• Identify the structure and label the ligaments

  A) Right hip (posteromedial)

  B) Ischiofemoral

  
• Identify the process and label the ligaments

  A) Anterior

  B) Transverse

  C) Anterior cruciate

  D) Posterior cruciate

  E) Posterior

  F) Anterior cruciate

  
• Identify the structure and label the ligaments

  A) Right shoulder (anterior)

  B) Glenohumeral

  C) Coracohumeral

  D) Coracoclavicular

  E) Trapezoid

  F) Conoid

  G) Transverse scapular

  H) Acromioclavicular

  I) Coracoacromial

  
• Label the ligaments of the shoulder

  A) Coracoacromial

  B) Transverse Humeral

  
• Label the ligaments of the shoulder

  A) Coracoacromial

  B) Acromioclavicular

  C) Transverse Humeral

  
• Label the ligaments of the shoulder

  A) Glenohumeral

  B) Transverse scapular

  C) Coracoclavicular

  D) Biceps

  
• Flexion: Decrease angle between 2 body parts
• Extension: increasing angle between 2 body parts
• Abduction: movement away from the midline
• Adduction: movement toward the midline
• Dorsiflexion: movement of the foot toward the shin
• Plantar Flexion: movement of the foot away from the shin
• Fibrous Joints:

  • Sutures (non-moveable): seams between bones of the skull
  • Syndesmosis (partially moveable): bones attached via fibrous tissue
  • Ex: interosseus membranes in forearm and leg
• Cartilaginous Joints:

  • Epiphyseal Plate: location of long bone growth
  • Costal Cartilage: between ribs and sternum
  • Symphysis: fibrocartilage that unites 2 bones
  • Ex: pubis symphysis in pelvis
• Synovial Joints: allow considerable movement, contain synovial fluid
• Skeletal muscle: voluntary contraction, attached to bone, multinucleated, involved in movement
• Cardiac muscle: involuntary contraction, found only in the heart, one nucleus
• Smooth muscle: involuntary contraction, walls of organs, blood vessels, etc., one nucleus
• Tendons: connect muscle to bone, usually named for the muscle to which they attach
• Ligaments: connect bone to bone, usually named for the structures they run between
• Tendons connect muscle to bone
• Ligaments connect bone to bone
• 3 Main Types of Movements:

  1. Angular
  2. Circular
  3. Special
• Supination

  Face/palm up
• Pronation

  Face/palm down
• Rotation

  turning along long axis
• Circumduction

  Combination of flexion, extension, abduction, adduction
• Inversion

  turning plantar surface of foot medially
• Eversion

  Turning plantar surface of foot laterally
• Protraction

  moving a structure anteriorly
• Retraction

  Moving a structure posteriorly
• Elevation

  Moving a structure superiorly
• Depression

  Moving a structure inferiorly
• Excursion

  Moving the mandible away from the midline (lateral excursion) or back towards the midline (medial excursion)
• Bone Articulations

  1. Synarthrotic: non-moveable joint (ex: skull)
  2. Amphiarthrotic: slightly moveable (ex: between vertebrae)
  3. Diarthrotic (synovial): freely moveable joint (ex: shoulder joint)
• Diarthrotic (Synovial)

  • Characteristics:
  • Joint capsule
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Joint cavity with synovial fluid
  • Articular cartilage
• Draw a synovial joint

  Label

  A) Bone

  B) Bone

  C) Synovial membrane

  D) Joint cavity containing synovial fluid

  E) Articular cartilage

  F) capsule of the joint

  
• Classifications of Synovial Joints

  1. Hinge: flexion and extension only (ex: elbow)
  2. Pivot: permits rotation (ex: ulna and radius)
  3. Ball and Socket: many motions possible (ex: shoulder, hip)
  4. Condyloid/Ellipsoid: almost all movements, no rotation (ex: wrist)
  5. Saddle: all movements, no rotation (ex: carpometacarpal - thumb)
  6. Plane: permits gliding (ex: carpals, tarsals)