TheoPer1

• Personality stems from “persona”
• latin for “mask”
• personality is a pattern of relatively permament traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior
• traits are the individual differences in behavior
• traits is consistent over time
• traits are stable across situations
• the personalities and psychology of different theorists influence the kinds of theories they develop
• Psychoanalytic Theory


  Sigmund Freud's theory of personality
• Personality


  The result of intrapsychic dynamics of unconscious forces (libido as the driving source, the levels of mental life, and the components of personality)
• Levels of Mental Life

  • Unconscious
  • Preconscious
  • Conscious
• Unconscious


  Beyond awareness, includes drives, urges, or instincts, known only indirectly (repression)
• Preconscious


  Not in conscious awareness, but can be accessed just beneath the surface of awareness
• Conscious


  Mental life that is directly available, plays a minor role
• Provinces of the Mind

  • The Id
  • The Ego
  • The Superego
• The Id


  Pleasure Principle, the only way the id can attempt to satisfy its needs are through reflex action and wish-fulfilling hallucinatory or fantasy experience (PRIMARY PROCESS THOUGHT)
• The Ego


  The Reality Principle, its purpose is to help the id obtain the tension reduction it craves, it determines appropriate and socially acceptable times, places, and objects, that will satisfy the if impulses (SECONDARY-PROCESS THOUGHT)
• The Superego


  Idealistic Principle, Conscience (formed by childhood punishment), Ego-Ideal (good, correct, behaviors for which children have been praised)
• Instincts


  The basic elements of the personality, the motivating forces that drive behavior and determine its direction
• Instincts


  • Life Instincts
  • Death Instincts
• Life Instincts


  Serve the purpose of survival of the individual and the species by seeking to satisfy the needs for food, water, air, and sex
• Libido


  The psychic energy manifested by the life instincts (sex drive), can be attached to or invested in objects (cathexis)
• Death Instincts


  All living things decay and die, returning to their original inanimate state, as Freud proposed that people have an unconscious wish to die, Aggressive Drive (the wish to die turned against objects rather than the self, compels a person to destroy, conquer, and kill)
• Types of Anxiety


  • Neurotic Anxiety
  • Moral Anxiety
  • Realistic Anxiety
• Neurotic Anxiety


  Fear that id's impulses will be expressed unchecked and lead to trouble from environment
• Moral Anxiety


  Fear that one will not conform to the standards of the conscience
• Realistic Anxiety


  Anxiety springs from real danger in the outside world
• Defense Mechanisms


  • Repression
  • Reaction Formation
  • Projection
  • Displacement
  • Fixation
  • Regression
  • Introjection
  • Sublimation
• Repression


  Banishment of highly threatening material from consciousness
• Reaction Formation


  Unconscious impulse consciously represented by its behavioral opposite
• Projection


  Unconscious feelings attributed to another person
• Displacement


  Person redirects a negative emotion from its original source to a less threatening recipient
• Fixation


  Anxiety about next psychosexual stage leads to stagnation at current stage
• Regression


  Return to a stage that previously offered gratification
• Introjection


  Unconsciously incorporating wishes, values, attitudes, of others as if they were your own
• Sublimation


  Socially unacceptable impulses or idealizations are transformed into socially acceptable actions or behavior, possibly resulting in a long-term conversion of the initial impulse
• Stages of Psychosexual Development


  • Infantile Period (Birth-5)
  • Latency Period (5-puberty)
  • Genital Period (puberty-adulthood)
  • Maturity
• Oral Phase


  First stage of psychosexual development
• Anal Phase


  Second stage of psychosexual development
• Phallic Phase


  Third stage of psychosexual development, Oedipus Complex in boys, Electra Complex in girls, Castration Anxiety, Penis Envy
• Applications of Psychoanalytic Theory


  • Free Association
  • Transference
  • Resistance
  • Dream Analysis (Manifest and latent content)
  • Freudian or Unconscious Slips (Parapraxes)