History unit test 3/3/24

• Franklin Delano Roosevelt


  1932; The New Deal, president during the Great Depression, previous NY senator

  
• New Deal


  President FDR's program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform

  
• Glass-Steagall Act


  the 1933 law that established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to protect individual's bank accounts

  
• Federal Securities Agency


  a law, enacted in 1933, that required corporations to provide accurate, complete information on all stock offerings

  
• Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)


  a law enacted in 1933 to raise crop prices by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of their land unplanted, thus lowering production

  
• Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)


  an agency, established as part of the New Deal, that put young unemployed men to work building roads, developing parks, planting trees, and helping in erosion-control and flood-control projects.

  
• National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)


  a law enacted in 1933 to establish codes of fair practice for industries and to promote industrial growth

  
• deficit spending


  a government's spending of more money than it receives in revenue

  
• Huey Long


  senator who opposed the New Deal, proposed a nationwide social program called Share-Our-Wealth that became very popular, assassinated

  
• Emergency Banking Relief Act


  act in which allowed healthy banks to reopen after the "bank holiday" in the New Deal

  
• National Recovery Administration (NRA)

  set up by the NIRA, an administration set up to stop trends of wage cuts, falling prices, and layoffs

  
• Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)


  a corporation set up to provide government loans to homeowners who faced foreclosure

  
• Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)


  administration that provided direct relief to the needy

  
• Father Charles Coughlin


  Roman Catholic priest who used popular radio sermons to criticize Roosevelt

  
• Dr. Francis Townsend

  proposed the pension plan to give money to the elderly

  
• Eleanor Roosevelt


  Roosevelt's wife who combined deep humanitarian skills with political skills to persuade Roosevelt to launch the Second New Deal

  
• Works Progress Administration (WPA)


  an agency, established as part of the Second New Deal, that provided the unemployed with jobs in construction, garment making, teaching, the arts, and other fields

  
• National Youth Administration (NYA)


  an agency that provided young Americans with aid and employment during the Great Depression

  
• Wagner Act


  a law- also known as the National Labor Relations Act- enacted in 1935 to protect workers' rights after the Supreme Court declared the National Industrial Recovery Act unconstitutional

  
• Social Security Act (SSA)


  a law enacted in 1935 to provide aid to retirees, the unemployed, people with disabilities, and families with dependent children

  
• Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act


  an act passed by Congress to replace the AAA that paid farmers for cutting production of soil depleting crops and rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation methods

  
• Farm Security Administration (FSA)


  replacement of the Resettlement Administration that loaned more than $1 billion to help tenant farmers become landholders and established camps for migrant farm workers; also hired photographers to record rural towns and farmers, used to create a record of the difficult situations in rural America

  
• Resettlement Administration

  an administration created by executive order in 1935 that provided monetary loans to small farmers to buy land, and was replaced by the Farm Security Administration (FSA) in 1937

  
• National Labor Relations Board


  a board set up by the Wagner act that heard testimonies about unfair practices and held elections to find out union representation

  
• Fair Labor Standards Act


  an act passed in 1938 by Congress that set maximum hours at 44 per week, decreasing to 40 hours by 1940, and minimum wages at $0.25/hour and $0.40/hour in 1945; also set rules for employment of workers under 16; banned hazardous work for those under 18

  
• Rural Electrification Administration (REA)


  administration which financed and worked with electrical cooperatives to bring electricity to isolated areas

  
• Frances Perkins


  America's first female cabinet member as Secretary of Labor, playing a major role in the Social Security system and supervised labor legislation

  
• Mary McLeod Bethune


  an educator who dedicated herself to promoting opportunities for young African Americans, appointed to the government under the New Deal to head the Division of Negro Affairs of the National Youth Administration; also helped organize a "Black Cabinet" of influential African Americans to advise the Roosevelt administration on racial issues

  
• New Deal coalition


  an alliance of diverse groups- including Southern whites, African Americans, and unionized workers- who supported the policies of the Democratic Party in the 1930s and 1940s.

  
• Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)


  a labor organization expelled from the American Federation of Labor in 1938

  
• Richard Wright

  an African American writer who wrote the Native Son about a young man trying to survive the racist world

  
• The Grapes of Wrath


  a novel by John Steinbeck, published in 1939, that deals with a family of Oklahomans who leave the Dust Bowl for California

  
• Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)


  an agency created in 1933 to insure individuals' bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures

  
• Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)


  an agency, created in 1934, that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds

  
• National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)


  an agency created in 1935 to prevent unfair labor practices and to mediate disputes between workers and management

  
• Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)


  a federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods

  
• Price Support


  It is the maintenance of a price at a certain level through government intervention..

  
• Credit


  It is an agreement in which a buyer is allowed to pay over a period of time, usually with interest or fees added

  
• Speculation


  An act of buying stocks at great risk with the anticipation that the price will rise.

  
• Buying On Margin

  The Purchasing of stock with a little money down with the promise of paying the balance at sometime in the future