GIT Unit 1-3

• Computer roles in our lives

  • Tiny embedded computers control alarm clocks, entertainment centers, and home appliances
  • Today’s automobiles cannot run efficiently without embedded computer systems
  • An estimated 10 million people work from home instead of commuting to work because of PCs and networking technologies
  • People use social media for communications nearly 10 times as often as snail mail and 5 times more than a telephone
  • Routine daily tasks such as banking, buying groceries are affected by computer technologies
• In a world defined by technology and digital trends, the demand for digital literacy has increased exponentially. We need to expand our knowledge to avoid unfamiliar situations and modernize our skills to stay relevant in a dynamic work environment
• We need to study information technology because we use these technologies in our everyday lives and need to understand how hardware and software work. Computer skills are needed regardless of setting and field, whether at home, work, school, or play. By understanding computers, you become self-sufficient whether you use it for research, communications, or time management
• Digital Literacy

  An individual's ability to find, evaluate, and compose clear information through writing and other media on various digital platforms. Also known as Computer Literacy. An individual must keep up with the changes in technology and become computer literate
• Reasons why technology is key for businesses


  • Communication
  • Security
  • Efficiency
  • Employee assistance
  • Time and money
• Information Technology


  The use of any computer, storage, networking, and other physical devices to create, process, store, secure, and exchange all forms of electronic data. IT focuses on information processing from collection to processing and sharing of information. It deals with the methods and tools used in information processing
• A computer is an electronic device that processes data according to a predetermined set of instructions that convert data information useful to people. They perform specific tasks based on the instructions provided by software or hardware programs
• A computer is an electronic device operating under the control of instructions stored in its memory that can accept data, process the data, produce and store results for future use. Computers can also store data for future use with the appropriate storage devices
• A computer is a programmable device that can automatically perform a sequence of calculations or other operations on data once programmed for the task. It can store, retrieve, and process data according to internal instructions
• Computer Types and Varieties

  Computers can be categorized in many ways: by size and capacity, by data handling and operating system capabilities, based on the number of microprocessors, and based on the number of users. In this module, we’re going to classify computers according to the size and capacity
• Mainframe computers are used in moderate data processing, banking, insurance, bulk data processing, statistics, and analyses
• Minicomputers were primarily used for process control, financial and administrative tasks, medical laboratory, and teaching aids
• Supercomputers are used for scientific and engineering problems (high-performance computing) while mainframes focus on transaction processing
• Before cloud computing and the use of digital systems, large companies used supercomputers due to requiring a big amount of computing power
• Mainframe computer

  Big centralized machines with large memory, huge storage space, multiple high-grade processors, and ultra-processing power compared to standard computer systems
• Supercomputer


  A computer at the leading edge of data processing capability, with respect to calculation speed
• Minicomputer


  Intermediate in size, power, speed, storage capacity between a mainframe and a microcomputer
• Supercomputers have incredibly high performance and are usually used for large-scale operations like industrial functions, space exploration, weather forecasting, and nuclear testing
• Classification of computers

  According to size and capacity
• Microcomputer


  A small and relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit
• Microcomputers are primarily used for word processing, managing databases or spreadsheets, graphics, and general office applications
• Types of microcomputers

  • Workstations
  • Personal computers
  • Laptop computers
  • Mini PCs
• IBM, founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR), is one of the world's oldest and largest technology companies
• IBM has 19 research facilities across a dozen countries and has held the record for most annual U.S. patents generated by a business for 29 consecutive years from 1993 to 2021
• IBM has been responsible for several technological innovations including the ATM, DRAM, floppy disk, hard disk drive, magnetic stripe card, relational database, SQL programming language, and the UPC barcode
• In 1952, Thomas J. Watson, Jr., became the president of IBM, marking the beginning of its time as a modern corporation
• IBM was renamed "International Business Machines" (IBM) in 1924 and became the leading manufacturer of punch-card tabulating systems
• Technological innovations

  • DRAM
  • Floppy disk
  • Hard disk drive
  • Magnetic stripe card
  • Relational database
  • SQL programming language
  • UPC barcode
• In 1942, IBM becomes involved in the war effort, helping keep track of vital statistics
• IBM was founded in 1911 as the Computing-Tabulating-Recording Company (CTR)
• In 1944, IBM co-developed its first computer, the Automated Sequence Controlled Calculator (Mark I), with Harvard University, used by the Navy to calculate gun trajectories
• In 1963, IBM announces various technological advancements including the 7094 II, electronic filing system, and the 1240 banking system
• In 1981, the IBM Personal Computer 5150 debuts, transitioning computing to everyday people
• In 1976, the IBM 3800 printer is installed, combining laser technology and electrophotography
• IBM computers and personnel help NASA put the first men on the Moon
• IBM nowadays specializes in high-margin cloud computing and artificial intelligence, with a focus on services
• In October 2020, IBM announced it is splitting itself into two public companies, focusing on high-margin cloud computing and artificial intelligence
• The first commercial hard disk drive, the 350 RAMAC Disk Storage Unit, was a major component of the groundbreaking 305 RAMAC computer
• In 2005, Lenovo purchases IBM's personal computing division, completing IBM's transition into a services company
• On January 21, 2022, IBM announced the sale of Watson Health to the private equity firm Francisco Partners