Exam 1

• George Washinton's "Farewell Address"


  "Habitual Hatred or an Habitual Fondness" where showing both too much affection or too much hatred for a nation is dangerous. We should have commercial relations with as little political connection as possible.
• Mark Twain's "The Innocents Abroad"


  Narrator is in Syria and reacts to the Syrians being poor, overtaxed, and mistreated
• Ameen Rihani


  Lebanese writer who was a figurehead of the Diaspora literature movement, wrote "Young Arabia."
• "Young Arabia"


  A book about the beginnings of Arabia (1915)
• Abraham Rihbany


  Wrote the "Syrian Christ" and an American Theologian
• THE SYRIAN CHRIST


  A book about how Jesus was the "Syrian of Syrians" and puts into perspective of how the Bible was in the middle east
• Jews

  an Abrahamic, monotheistic, and widely an ethnic religion.
• Orthodox Christians


  a section of Christianity that was popular in Eastern Eurasia, Russia
• Catholics


  A form of Chrsitan faith, Roman
• Protestants


  A form of Christian faith separate from the Catholics
• Maronites


  a Syriac Christian ethnoreligious group native to the Eastern Mediterranean and Levant region of West Asia, biggest group in Lebanon
• Sunni Muslims


  Muslims that believe the next caliph should be elected
• Shia Muslims


  Muslims that believe the next caliph should be hereditary by the bloodline of Muhammed
• Druze


  offshoot of shi'ism that believes in the unity of god, reincarnation, and the eternity of the soul
• Alawites


  an ethnoreligious group that splintered from Shi'ism
• Wahhabis


  a reformist Islamic religious movement within Sunni Islam
• Syrian Protestant College


  school showing American involvement in Syria
• Mashriq


  another name for the land of sunrise (greater Syria)
• Syrian Mahjar


  A diaspora and Syrian literature movement
• Millet system


  the Ottoman administration of separate religious communities that acknowledged each community's authority in overseeing its own communal affairs, primarily through independent religious court systems and schools
• Karl Pearson


  a mathematician and eugenicist who wrote "national life from the standpoint of science"
• "National Life from the Standpoint of Science"


  written by Karl Pearson that was a "science based" document on Eugenics and "inferior races"
• Theodore Roosevelt


  26th president of the United States, wrote "Twisted Eugenics"
• "Twisted Eugenics"


  Written by Theodore Roosevelt, addressed Eugenics, stated that the "superior people" should have more children
• Immigration Act of 1864


  This law legalized labor recruitment practices similar to indentured servitude in an attempt to encourage immigration to the United States, but it was quickly repealed.
• Immigration Act of 1882


  An act that is also known as the Chinese Exclusion Act
• Don Pedro I


  First ruler of the empire of Brazil, "the liberator"
• Muhammad Ali


  the Ottoman Albanian governor and de facto ruler of Egypt from 1805 to 1848
• Abdel Hamid II


  the 34th sultan of the Ottoman Empire, from 1876 to 1909
• Nahda


  transatlantic Arab literary "awakening"
• Atlantic Abolition


  the struggle to end the transatlantic slave trade
• Industrial Revolution


  the transition from creating goods by hand to using machines.
• "Little Syria"


  small cities in other countries (NYC specifically) where Syrian immagrants were.
• Nikolai Danilevskii


  Wrote "Russia and Europe", Russian naturalist and philosopher, and slavophile
• "Russia and Europe"


  culture cannot be transferred to another, specifically with another religion. Slavic and orthodox unity.
• Max Nordau


  wrote "On the General Situation of the Jews", a Zionist leader from Hungary
• "On the General Situation of the Jews"


  Jews will face anti semitism everywhere, and there is different types depending on the type of environment a Jewish person is in.
• Zionism


  a movement for the reestablishment for a Jewish nation, specifcially in now Israel-Palestine
• Tanzimat


  a period of reform in the Ottoman empire
• 1876 Constitution


  written by young Ottomans with Armenian influence