Funda

• Seeking clarification- A method of making the client's broad overall meaning of the message more understandable.
• Perception checking or seeking consensual validation- A method similar to clarifying that verifies the meaning of specific words rather than the overall meaning of a message
• Offering self - Suggesting one's presence, interest, or wish to understand the client without making any demands or attaching conditions
• Giving Information - Providing, in a simple and direct manner, specific factual information the client may or may not request.
• Acknowledging- Giving recognition, in a nonjudgmental way, of a change in behavior, an effort the client has made,
• Clarifying time or sequence - Helping the client clarify an event, situation, or happening in relationship to time.
• Presenting reality - Helping the client to differentiate the real from the unreal.
• Focusing - Helping the client expand on and develop a topic of importance.
• Reflecting - Directing ideas, feelings, questions, or content back to clients to enable them to explore their own ideas and feelings about a situation.
• Summarizing and Planning - Stating the main points of a discussion to clarify the relevant points discussed.
• Using silence - Accepting pauses or silences that may extend for several seconds or minutes without interjecting any verbal response.
• Providing general leads - Using statements or questions that (a) encourage the client to verbalize, (b) choose a topic of conversation, and (c) facilitate continued verbalization.
• Being Specific and Tentative - Making statements that are specific rather than general, and tentative rather than absolute.
• Using open - ended questions - Asking broad questions that lead or invite the client to explore
• Using touch - Providing appropriate forms of touch to reinforce caring feelings.
• Restating or Paraphrasing - Actively listening for the client's basic message and then repeating those thoughts and/or feelings in similar words.