soc 101 test 2

    Cards (59)

    • anticipatory socialisation, a type of adult socialisation, refers to taking on norms and behaviours of aspirational or anticipated role or status. In short, it is predictable.
    • resocialisation, another type of adult socialisation, is for the unpredictable and refers to learning new norms, values, attitudes, behaviours contrary to previous experiences to match new situations in life
    • total institutions are settings where people are isolated from larger society and under strict control and supervision of specialised staff.
    • initiation rite
      ritual rejection - isolation from the world
      ritual death - old identity died
      ritual rebirth - accepted a new culture
    • hidden curriculum
      conformist messages such as how to respect authorities
    • corridor curriculum
      what students learn from outside the classroom - can be negative such as racism and sexism
    • initiation rite: ceremony that signifies the transition of the individual from one group to another and ensures his or her loyalty to the new group
    • the 4 adult roles are : mature, discontinuous, invisible and unpredictable
    • 3 reasons why people's identities are changing faster and more often and more completely
      1. cultural globalisation (various historical and geographical settings)
      2. medical advances
      3. virtual communities
    • agency and autonomy
      people are completely free to do whatever they want
    • socialisation and determination
      society is so big and powerful that people are unable to do anything to change it
    • culture: composed of socially transmitted ideas, practices and material objects that enable people to adapt to and thrive in their environment
    • cultures with a small c
      observable patterns of thought and behaviour produced through the process of Culture
    • Culture (big C)
      a general capacity for conceptualisation and process of symbolic interaction and interpretation that is socially transmitted
    • proscriptive norms
      things you must NOT do
    • prescriptive norms
      things you must do
    • folkways
      of little moral significance, not strictly enforced
    • mores
      great moral significance, needs to be followed, essential for society's survival
    • taboos
      of greatest moral significance, cause revulsions in community, punishments severe when violated
    • consumerism
      tendency to define ourselves in terms of purchased goods
    • rationalism
      application of most efficient means to achieve given goals, unintended consequences
    • multiculturalism
      heterogeneity, cultural diversity
    • globalisation
      growing global interdependence
    • post modernisation
      cultural fragmentation and reconfiguration
    • subculture
      adherents of a set of distinctive values, norms, practices within a larger culture
    • counter culture
      oppose dominant values, subversive subculture
    • cultural lag is the tendency of non-material cultue changing more slowly than material culture
    • cultural diffusion is the spread of cultural traits (material and non-material) from one group to another
    • cultural levelling: process in which culture becomes similar to one another
    • culture shock: disorientation experienced when coming in contact with a fundamentally different culture
    • ethnocentrism: tendency to judge another culture exclusively by the standards of one's own
    • relativism: belief that all cultures and cultural practices have equal value
    • society
      collectivist of interacting people, share a territory and culture. Largest and most complex type of group
    • group
      people who are bound together by interaction and a common identity
    • aggregrate
      people who temporarily share the same physical space but do not see themselves as beloging together
    • category
      people who have similar characteristics but do not see themselves as belonging together nor interacting with one another
    • anomie
      state of normlessness, sense of not belonging
    • in group
      groups toward which people feel loyalty
    • out group
      groups toward which people feel antagonism, perceive as a threat or competition
    • reference group
      group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves