UCSP MIDTERMS

• Characteristics of Culture

  1. Culture is Learned
  2. Culture is Relative
  3. Culture is Shared
  4. Culture is Symbolic
  5. Culture changes from time to time
• Enculturation - the process of learning culture through participation and interaction.
• Two Types of Culture:

  1. Material Culture
  2. Non-Material Culture
• Material Culture - physical objects, resources, and space use to define culture.
• Non-Material Culture - non-physical ideas such as beliefs, values, norms, morals.
• Cultural Anthropology - understand the biological and cultural origins of species.
• Cultural Studies - drawing on theories and practices that seeks to investigate the ways in which cultures produced and are produced; understand complexity of everyday life; how meanings are produced, circulated, and exchanged.
• Society - a group of people living together with shared customs, laws, and organizations; group of people sharing a common culture.
• Sociology - the study of society.
• Politics - the art of government and public affairs; power to exercise of will to attain desired outcomes.
• Political Science - the study of politics.
• Human Cultural Variation - differences in social behavior that different cultures exhibit.
• What Makes Culture Different From Each Other?

  1. Environment
  2. History
  3. Beliefs
  4. Religion
  5. Tradition
• Religion - a set of organized beliefs, practices, and systems that most often relate to the worship of a controlling force. (God or supernatural being)
• Nationality - identity that is tied to being part of a particular nation.
• Nation - a group of people who share the same history, language, cultures/traditions.
• Ethnicity - a set of cultural ideas by particular ethnic or indigenous groups within a nation.
• Social Differences - the differences among individuals on their social characteristics such as gender, sexual orientation, age, and social class.
• Gender - one's sense of self as masculine or feminine regardless of their genetalia.
• Male/Female (Heterosexual) - a person who is attracted to the opposite sex.
• Lesbian - a woman who is attracted to other woman.
• Gay - a man attracted to another man.
• Bisexual - a person who is attracted to two sexes or genders.
• Transgender - a person whose gender identity is different from their biological sex or gender identity or gender expressions do not conform to the sex they were assigned at birth.
• Social Classes:

  1. Upper Class
  2. Middle Class
  3. Working Class
  4. Peasants
  5. Under Class
• Two Social Classes:

  1. Bourgeoisie
  2. Proletariat
• Bourgeoisie - owns the means of production.
• Proletariat - owns no private property; sells labour power.
• Age Group:

  1. The Silent Generation
  2. Baby Boomers
  3. Generation X
  4. Millenials
  5. Generation Z
• Political Identity - a group of individuals who think of themselves about politics and government.
• Socioeconomic Class - a group of people with similar socioeconomic status or standing in society based on income, education, and occupation.
• Social Change - the changes in the political or economic context of societies; a significant change in social behavior or social system; change in human interactions and relationships that transform cultural and social institutions.
• Evolutionary - the changes that occur in a society in a long period of time slowly.
• Revolutionary - the changes in a society that occur suddenly and drastically.
• The Reformation - The religious Reformation occurred in the Western church in the 16th century also known as the Protestant Reformation. It declines power of centralized church authority.
• The Industrial Revolution - the significant social and economic change marked by the widespread development of technologies, transportation, and communication systems.
• The Abolition of Slavery - slavery ended in 1865 and the 13th amendment was adopted as part of the constitutions. World transformed for African-Americans, granting their rights.
• The Civil Rights Movement - demolished system of racial segregation and inequality
• The Feminist Movement - a movement that promotes the idea that women and men are equal.
• The LGBTQ+ Rights Movement - the equal rights for all human beings despite their sexual orientation and gender identity.