products of digestion

• where are the products of digestion absorbed?

  across the ileum epithelium into the bloodstream
• How is glucose (monosaccharide) absorbed?

  by active transport with sodium ions via a co-transporter protein
• how is galactose absorbned?

  by active transport with sodium ions using the same co-transporter protein as is used with glucose
• how is fructose (Monosaccharide) absorbed?

  via facilitated diffusion
• What do micelles do?

  help to move monoglycerides and fatty acids towards the epithelium.
• why can micelles 'release' monoglycerides and fatty acids ?

  because micelles constantly break up and reform they can release monoglycerides and fatty acids, allowing them to be absorbed - whole micelles are not taken up across the epithelium
• Why can monoglycerides and fatty acids diffuse DIRECTLY across the epithelial cell membrane?

  they are lipid-soluble
• how arre amino acids absorbed?

  • sodium ions are transported out of the epithelial cells into the ileum itself
  • they then diffuse back into the cells through sodium-depdendent transporter proteins in the epithelial cell membranes, carrying the amino acids with them
• what do the micelles allow?

  allow the monoglycerides and fatty acids to be absorbed by the epithelial cells in the ileum
• how do the monoglycerides and fatty acids through the cell surface membrane?

  diffuse through cell surface membrane and into the cell cytoplasm
• the role of micelles

  
• what do micelles contain?

  bile salts and monoglycerides
• how are fatty acids/ monogylcerides absorbed?

  by diffusion
• what do micelles do?

  make fatty acids/monoglycerides more soluble in water
• what do micelles include?

  bile salts and fatty acids
• what do micelles do to fatty acids?

  make them more soluble in watee
• state the main roles of micelles in the absorption of fats into the cells LINING the ILEUM?


  • Make fatty acids more soluble in water
  • carry fatty acids to cell/lining of the ileum
  • maintain high conc of fatty acids to cell/lining of the ileum
• what do micelles MAINTAIN?

  high conc of fatty acids to lining of ileum