Chapter 1: Kinetic Particle Theory

• What are the properties of solid?

  Fixed shaped, Fixed volume, High density, Cannot be compressed
• What are the properties of liquid?

  No fixed shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed.
• What are the properties of gases?

  No fixed shape, no fixed volume, less density / light, can be compressed.
• The movement and arrange of solid?

  #1. Movement: Particles only vibrate about its fixed position.

  #2: Arrangement: Particles are very closely packed together in an orderly manner.
• The movement and arrangement of liquid?

  #1. Movement: Particles slide over one another.

  #2. Arrangement: Particles are closely packed in a disorderly manner.
• The movement and arrangement of gases?

  #1. Movement: Particles move randomly at high speed.

  #2. Arrangement: Particles are very far apart.
• Describing melting in terms of KPT?

  #1. When a solid is heated.

  #2. Particles gain kinetic energy.

  #3. Vibrate faster.

  #4. When there is enough energy is absorbed, forces of attraction between particles are overcome.

  #5. Particles now move freely and changes into liquid.
• Describe freezing in terms of KPT?

  #1. When a liquid is cooled.

  #2. Particles lose kinetic energy.

  #3. Move slower.

  #4. Forces of attraction between particles increases.

  #5. Particles settle into fixed position and vibrate about their fixed positions.

  #6. Turns into solid state.
• Describe boiling in terms of KPT?

  #1. When a liquid is heated.

  #2. Particles gain kinetic energy.

  #3. Move faster.

  #4. When there is enough energy absorbed, forces of attraction between particles are overcome.

  #5. Particles now move further apart and move rapidly in all direction.

  #6. Turns into gas.
• Describe condensation in terms of KPT?


  #1. When a gas is cooled.

  #2. Particles lose kinetic energy.

  #3. Move slower.

  #4. Force of attraction between particles increases.

  #5. Particles now move freely and changes into liquid.
• Which gas will diffuse faster? Explain your answer?

  Using NO2 and BR2

  #1. The Mr of NO2 is 46, [14 + (16x2)]. Mr of Br2 is 160, (80 x 2)

  #2. The Mr NO2 is lower than Br2.

  #3. Diffusion of NO2 is faster than Br2 to fill up the available spaces.