IT in Modern Times - Prelim

Created by

IAN KENNETH

Cards (210)

Information Technology is the use of any computer, storage, networking and other physical device to create, process, store, secure and exchange all forms of electronic data.
Information Technology focuses on the information processing from the collection, to the processing, and the sharing of information.
Information Technology deals with the methods and tools used in the information processing.
An individual’s ability to find, evaluate, and compose clear information through writing and other media on various digital platforms is known as digital literacy.
Computer literacy is also known as digital literacy.
An individual must keep up with the changes in technology and become computer literate.
Tiny embedded computers control alarm clocks, entertainment centers and home appliances
Today’s automobiles cannot run efficiently without embedded computer systems
An estimated 10 mil people work from home instead of commuting to work because of PCs and networking technologies
People use social media for communications nearly 10 times as often as snail mail and 5 times more than a telephone
Routine daily tasks such as banking, buying groceries are affected by computer technologies
A computer system is a collection of parts, a computer combined with hardware and software used to perform desired tasks.
No matter the size and capability, a computer system consists of four components: HARDWARE, SOFTWARE, DATA, and the USER.
Hardware refers to the tangible, physical computer equipment and devices which provide support for the major functions of the computer system. Mainly the mechanical aspects of the computer.
Hardware controls the input of data into the computer system and the output of information from the computer system.
Input Devices – Used to enter data or instructions into a computer system.
Input devices fall into two categories: manual input devices (needs to be operated by a human to input data) and automatic input devices (can input data on their own.
Each input device is concerned with a specific type of data: Scanner – documents or images, Digital Camera – still and moving images
Output Devices – Used to convey information from the computer system to one or more people.
When raw data has been processed it becomes usable information.
Output devices are pieces of hardware that send this usable information out of the computer.
Output devices send information out temporarily and some send information out permanently
Temporary output device (monitors) and permanent output devices (printers which output information onto paper as hard copy).
Almost all input and output devices are known as ‘Peripheral Devices’.
Peripheral Devices are non-essential hardware components that usually connect to the system externally.
Peripheral Devices are called non-essential because the system can operate without them.
System Unit – houses the electronic components to process data
Motherboard – This is the main circuit board of the system unit.
The motherboard is central to any computer system.
All components are plugged into the motherboard either directly (straight into the circuit board) or indirectly (vis USB ports)
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of the computer.
Processor are electronic component that interprets and carries out basic instructions.
The CPU 'controls' what the computer does and is responsible for performing calculations and data processing.
Memory – Electronic component that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions.
There are two types of internal memory the RAM and ROM
The RAM and ROM device are sometimes referred to as ‘primary storage’
ROM is used to permanently store instructions that tell the computer how to boot (start-up). It also loads the operating system
ROM are instructions are known as the BIOS (Basic input/output system) or the boot program.
Information stored in ROM is known as READ ONLY.
This means that the contents of ROM cannot be altered or added to by the user