The nature and importance of places

• Placelessness - Places that lack unique character or reputation, due to chain stores replacing local independent shops or a lack of attachment experienced by people visiting the location
• Topophilia concerns the love of a place and having a strong attachment to it.
• Topophobia is the dislike of a place
• Genius loci is the spirit of a place. It suggests that every place has a unique spirit or atmosphere, based on everything for the location is made up of, now and in the past.