STS LESSON 3

• French astronomer, mathematician, and freemason, Jean Sylvain Bailley: 'These scientific revolutions involved a two-stage process of sweeping away the old and establishing the new'
• Intellectual Revolutions

  • Copernican, Darwinian, and Freudian
• Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the universe challenging the belief that the Earth was the center
• Intellectual Revolution

  1. Refers to Greek speculation about the nature before Socrates (between 600 to 400 BCE)

  2. Involves the interaction of science, technology, and society leading to the emergence of modern science and progress of scientific thinking

  3. Resulted in paradigm shifts and challenged long-held views about the nature of the universe
• Copernican Revolution refers to the 16th-century paradigm shift named after the Polish mathematician and astronomer, Nicolaus Copernicus
• Copernican Revolution

  1. Named after Nicolaus Copernicus, who formulated the heliocentric model of the universe

  2. Introduced in a 40-page outline titled Commentariolus and formalized in De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium in 1543

  3. Repositioned the Earth from the center of the Solar System and introduced the idea of Earth rotating on its own axis

  4. Illustrated the Earth and other heavenly bodies rotating around the Sun
• Church's reaction to Copernicus' heliocentric model

  Accused Copernicus of heresy and faced persecution
• Darwinian Revolution

  1. Credited to Charles Darwin, who published On The Origin of Species in 1859

  2. Guided by confidence in human reason's ability to explain phenomena in the universe

  3. Introduced the concept of natural selection as an evolutionary process
• Critics of Darwin's theory accused it of being short in accounting for broad and complex evolutionary processes or dismissive of the idea of functional design in organisms
• Ramos' terms

  • RA 8439: Magna Carta for Scientist Engineers, Researchers and other Science and Technology Personnel in Government
  • RA 7687: Science and Technology Scholarship Act of 1994
  • RA 7459: Inventors and Inventions Incentives Act
  • RA 8293: The Intellectual Property Code of the Philippines
  • RA 8749: The Philippine Clean Air of 1999
  • RA 8792: Electronic Commerce Act of 2000
  • RA 9367: Biofuels Act
  • RA 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law
• President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo developed the science and technology sector to strengthen the education system and to address poverty
• President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo promulgated RA 9367: Biofuels Act to utilize indigenous materials as sources of energy
• President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo promulgated RA 10601: Agriculture and Fisheries Mechanization (AFMech) Law to modernize agricultural and fisheries machinery and equipment
• President Benigno Aquino III named new National Scientists in 2014
• National Scientists named by President Benigno Aquino III in 2014

  • Gavino C. Trono (Marine Biology)
  • Angel C. Alcala (Biological Science)
  • Ramon C. Barba (Horticulture)
  • Edgardo D. Gomez (Marine Biology)